idl_gen_cpp.cpp
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/*
* Copyright 2014 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
// independent from idl_parser, since this code is not needed for most clients
#include "flatbuffers/flatbuffers.h"
#include "flatbuffers/idl.h"
#include "flatbuffers/util.h"
namespace flatbuffers {
namespace cpp {
// Ensure that a type is prefixed with its namespace whenever it is used
// outside of its namespace.
static std::string WrapInNameSpace(const Parser &parser, const Namespace *ns,
const std::string &name) {
if (parser.namespaces_.back() != ns) {
std::string qualified_name;
for (auto it = ns->components.begin();
it != ns->components.end(); ++it) {
qualified_name += *it + "::";
}
return qualified_name + name;
} else {
return name;
}
}
// Return a C++ type from the table in idl.h
static std::string GenTypeBasic(const Parser &parser, const Type &type,
bool real_enum) {
static const char *ctypename[] = {
#define FLATBUFFERS_TD(ENUM, IDLTYPE, CTYPE, JTYPE, GTYPE, NTYPE) #CTYPE,
FLATBUFFERS_GEN_TYPES(FLATBUFFERS_TD)
#undef FLATBUFFERS_TD
};
return real_enum && type.enum_def
? WrapInNameSpace(parser, type.enum_def->defined_namespace,
type.enum_def->name)
: ctypename[type.base_type];
}
static std::string GenTypeWire(const Parser &parser, const Type &type,
const char *postfix, bool real_enum);
// Return a C++ pointer type, specialized to the actual struct/table types,
// and vector element types.
static std::string GenTypePointer(const Parser &parser, const Type &type) {
switch (type.base_type) {
case BASE_TYPE_STRING:
return "flatbuffers::String";
case BASE_TYPE_VECTOR:
return "flatbuffers::Vector<" +
GenTypeWire(parser, type.VectorType(), "", false) + ">";
case BASE_TYPE_STRUCT: {
return WrapInNameSpace(parser, type.struct_def->defined_namespace,
type.struct_def->name);
}
case BASE_TYPE_UNION:
// fall through
default:
return "void";
}
}
// Return a C++ type for any type (scalar/pointer) specifically for
// building a flatbuffer.
static std::string GenTypeWire(const Parser &parser, const Type &type,
const char *postfix, bool real_enum) {
return IsScalar(type.base_type)
? GenTypeBasic(parser, type, real_enum) + postfix
: IsStruct(type)
? "const " + GenTypePointer(parser, type) + " *"
: "flatbuffers::Offset<" + GenTypePointer(parser, type) + ">" + postfix;
}
// Return a C++ type for any type (scalar/pointer) that reflects its
// serialized size.
static std::string GenTypeSize(const Parser &parser, const Type &type) {
return IsScalar(type.base_type)
? GenTypeBasic(parser, type, false)
: IsStruct(type)
? GenTypePointer(parser, type)
: "flatbuffers::uoffset_t";
}
// Return a C++ type for any type (scalar/pointer) specifically for
// using a flatbuffer.
static std::string GenTypeGet(const Parser &parser, const Type &type,
const char *afterbasic, const char *beforeptr,
const char *afterptr, bool real_enum) {
return IsScalar(type.base_type)
? GenTypeBasic(parser, type, real_enum) + afterbasic
: beforeptr + GenTypePointer(parser, type) + afterptr;
}
static std::string GenEnumVal(const EnumDef &enum_def, const EnumVal &enum_val,
const GeneratorOptions &opts) {
return opts.prefixed_enums ? enum_def.name + "_" + enum_val.name
: enum_val.name;
}
// Generate an enum declaration and an enum string lookup table.
static void GenEnum(EnumDef &enum_def, std::string *code_ptr,
std::string *code_ptr_post,
const GeneratorOptions &opts) {
if (enum_def.generated) return;
std::string &code = *code_ptr;
std::string &code_post = *code_ptr_post;
GenComment(enum_def.doc_comment, code_ptr);
code += "enum " + enum_def.name + " {\n";
for (auto it = enum_def.vals.vec.begin();
it != enum_def.vals.vec.end();
++it) {
auto &ev = **it;
GenComment(ev.doc_comment, code_ptr, " ");
code += " " + GenEnumVal(enum_def, ev, opts) + " = ";
code += NumToString(ev.value);
code += (it + 1) != enum_def.vals.vec.end() ? ",\n" : "\n";
}
code += "};\n\n";
// Generate a generate string table for enum values.
// Problem is, if values are very sparse that could generate really big
// tables. Ideally in that case we generate a map lookup instead, but for
// the moment we simply don't output a table at all.
auto range = enum_def.vals.vec.back()->value -
enum_def.vals.vec.front()->value + 1;
// Average distance between values above which we consider a table
// "too sparse". Change at will.
static const int kMaxSparseness = 5;
if (range / static_cast<int64_t>(enum_def.vals.vec.size()) < kMaxSparseness) {
code += "inline const char **EnumNames" + enum_def.name + "() {\n";
code += " static const char *names[] = { ";
auto val = enum_def.vals.vec.front()->value;
for (auto it = enum_def.vals.vec.begin();
it != enum_def.vals.vec.end();
++it) {
while (val++ != (*it)->value) code += "\"\", ";
code += "\"" + (*it)->name + "\", ";
}
code += "nullptr };\n return names;\n}\n\n";
code += "inline const char *EnumName" + enum_def.name;
code += "(" + enum_def.name + " e) { return EnumNames" + enum_def.name + "()[e";
if (enum_def.vals.vec.front()->value)
code += " - " + GenEnumVal(enum_def, *enum_def.vals.vec.front(), opts);
code += "]; }\n\n";
}
if (enum_def.is_union) {
// Generate a verifier function for this union that can be called by the
// table verifier functions. It uses a switch case to select a specific
// verifier function to call, this should be safe even if the union type
// has been corrupted, since the verifiers will simply fail when called
// on the wrong type.
auto signature = "inline bool Verify" + enum_def.name +
"(flatbuffers::Verifier &verifier, " +
"const void *union_obj, " + enum_def.name + " type)";
code += signature + ";\n\n";
code_post += signature + " {\n switch (type) {\n";
for (auto it = enum_def.vals.vec.begin();
it != enum_def.vals.vec.end();
++it) {
auto &ev = **it;
code_post += " case " + GenEnumVal(enum_def, ev, opts);
if (!ev.value) {
code_post += ": return true;\n"; // "NONE" enum value.
} else {
code_post += ": return verifier.VerifyTable(reinterpret_cast<const ";
code_post += ev.struct_def->name + " *>(union_obj));\n";
}
}
code_post += " default: return false;\n }\n}\n\n";
}
}
// Generates a value with optionally a cast applied if the field has a
// different underlying type from its interface type (currently only the
// case for enums. "from" specify the direction, true meaning from the
// underlying type to the interface type.
std::string GenUnderlyingCast(const Parser &parser, const FieldDef &field,
bool from, const std::string &val) {
return field.value.type.enum_def && IsScalar(field.value.type.base_type)
? "static_cast<" + GenTypeBasic(parser, field.value.type, from) + ">(" +
val + ")"
: val;
}
// Generate an accessor struct, builder structs & function for a table.
static void GenTable(const Parser &parser, StructDef &struct_def,
const GeneratorOptions &opts, std::string *code_ptr) {
if (struct_def.generated) return;
std::string &code = *code_ptr;
// Generate an accessor struct, with methods of the form:
// type name() const { return GetField<type>(offset, defaultval); }
GenComment(struct_def.doc_comment, code_ptr);
code += "struct " + struct_def.name + " : private flatbuffers::Table";
code += " {\n";
for (auto it = struct_def.fields.vec.begin();
it != struct_def.fields.vec.end();
++it) {
auto &field = **it;
if (!field.deprecated) { // Deprecated fields won't be accessible.
GenComment(field.doc_comment, code_ptr, " ");
code += " " + GenTypeGet(parser, field.value.type, " ", "const ", " *",
true);
code += field.name + "() const { return ";
// Call a different accessor for pointers, that indirects.
std::string call = IsScalar(field.value.type.base_type)
? "GetField<"
: (IsStruct(field.value.type) ? "GetStruct<" : "GetPointer<");
call += GenTypeGet(parser, field.value.type, "", "const ", " *", false);
call += ">(" + NumToString(field.value.offset);
// Default value as second arg for non-pointer types.
if (IsScalar(field.value.type.base_type))
call += ", " + field.value.constant;
call += ")";
code += GenUnderlyingCast(parser, field, true, call);
code += "; }\n";
auto nested = field.attributes.Lookup("nested_flatbuffer");
if (nested) {
auto nested_root = parser.structs_.Lookup(nested->constant);
assert(nested_root); // Guaranteed to exist by parser.
code += " const " + nested_root->name + " *" + field.name;
code += "_nested_root() { return flatbuffers::GetRoot<";
code += nested_root->name + ">(" + field.name + "()->Data()); }\n";
}
}
}
// Generate a verifier function that can check a buffer from an untrusted
// source will never cause reads outside the buffer.
code += " bool Verify(flatbuffers::Verifier &verifier) const {\n";
code += " return VerifyTableStart(verifier)";
std::string prefix = " &&\n ";
for (auto it = struct_def.fields.vec.begin();
it != struct_def.fields.vec.end();
++it) {
auto &field = **it;
if (!field.deprecated) {
code += prefix + "VerifyField";
if (field.required) code += "Required";
code += "<" + GenTypeSize(parser, field.value.type);
code += ">(verifier, " + NumToString(field.value.offset);
code += " /* " + field.name + " */)";
switch (field.value.type.base_type) {
case BASE_TYPE_UNION:
code += prefix + "Verify" + field.value.type.enum_def->name;
code += "(verifier, " + field.name + "(), " + field.name + "_type())";
break;
case BASE_TYPE_STRUCT:
if (!field.value.type.struct_def->fixed) {
code += prefix + "verifier.VerifyTable(" + field.name;
code += "())";
}
break;
case BASE_TYPE_STRING:
code += prefix + "verifier.Verify(" + field.name + "())";
break;
case BASE_TYPE_VECTOR:
code += prefix + "verifier.Verify(" + field.name + "())";
switch (field.value.type.element) {
case BASE_TYPE_STRING: {
code += prefix + "verifier.VerifyVectorOfStrings(" + field.name;
code += "())";
break;
}
case BASE_TYPE_STRUCT: {
if (!field.value.type.struct_def->fixed) {
code += prefix + "verifier.VerifyVectorOfTables(" + field.name;
code += "())";
}
break;
}
default:
break;
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
code += prefix + "verifier.EndTable()";
code += ";\n }\n";
code += "};\n\n";
// Generate a builder struct, with methods of the form:
// void add_name(type name) { fbb_.AddElement<type>(offset, name, default); }
code += "struct " + struct_def.name;
code += "Builder {\n flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder &fbb_;\n";
code += " flatbuffers::uoffset_t start_;\n";
for (auto it = struct_def.fields.vec.begin();
it != struct_def.fields.vec.end();
++it) {
auto &field = **it;
if (!field.deprecated) {
code += " void add_" + field.name + "(";
code += GenTypeWire(parser, field.value.type, " ", true) + field.name;
code += ") { fbb_.Add";
if (IsScalar(field.value.type.base_type)) {
code += "Element<" + GenTypeWire(parser, field.value.type, "", false);
code += ">";
} else if (IsStruct(field.value.type)) {
code += "Struct";
} else {
code += "Offset";
}
code += "(" + NumToString(field.value.offset) + ", ";
code += GenUnderlyingCast(parser, field, false, field.name);
if (IsScalar(field.value.type.base_type))
code += ", " + field.value.constant;
code += "); }\n";
}
}
code += " " + struct_def.name;
code += "Builder(flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder &_fbb) : fbb_(_fbb) ";
code += "{ start_ = fbb_.StartTable(); }\n";
code += " " + struct_def.name + "Builder &operator=(const ";
code += struct_def.name + "Builder &);\n";
code += " flatbuffers::Offset<" + struct_def.name;
code += "> Finish() {\n auto o = flatbuffers::Offset<" + struct_def.name;
code += ">(fbb_.EndTable(start_, ";
code += NumToString(struct_def.fields.vec.size()) + "));\n";
for (auto it = struct_def.fields.vec.begin();
it != struct_def.fields.vec.end();
++it) {
auto &field = **it;
if (!field.deprecated && field.required) {
code += " fbb_.Required(o, " + NumToString(field.value.offset);
code += "); // " + field.name + "\n";
}
}
code += " return o;\n }\n};\n\n";
// Generate a convenient CreateX function that uses the above builder
// to create a table in one go.
code += "inline flatbuffers::Offset<" + struct_def.name + "> Create";
code += struct_def.name;
code += "(flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder &_fbb";
for (auto it = struct_def.fields.vec.begin();
it != struct_def.fields.vec.end();
++it) {
auto &field = **it;
if (!field.deprecated) {
code += ",\n " + GenTypeWire(parser, field.value.type, " ", true);
code += field.name + " = ";
if (field.value.type.enum_def && IsScalar(field.value.type.base_type)) {
auto ev = field.value.type.enum_def->ReverseLookup(
static_cast<int>(StringToInt(field.value.constant.c_str())), false);
if (ev) {
code += WrapInNameSpace(parser,
field.value.type.enum_def->defined_namespace,
GenEnumVal(*field.value.type.enum_def, *ev,
opts));
} else {
code += GenUnderlyingCast(parser, field, true, field.value.constant);
}
} else {
code += field.value.constant;
}
}
}
code += ") {\n " + struct_def.name + "Builder builder_(_fbb);\n";
for (size_t size = struct_def.sortbysize ? sizeof(largest_scalar_t) : 1;
size;
size /= 2) {
for (auto it = struct_def.fields.vec.rbegin();
it != struct_def.fields.vec.rend();
++it) {
auto &field = **it;
if (!field.deprecated &&
(!struct_def.sortbysize ||
size == SizeOf(field.value.type.base_type))) {
code += " builder_.add_" + field.name + "(" + field.name + ");\n";
}
}
}
code += " return builder_.Finish();\n}\n\n";
}
static void GenPadding(const FieldDef &field, const std::function<void (int bits)> &f) {
if (field.padding) {
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
if (static_cast<int>(field.padding) & (1 << i))
f((1 << i) * 8);
assert(!(field.padding & ~0xF));
}
}
// Generate an accessor struct with constructor for a flatbuffers struct.
static void GenStruct(const Parser &parser, StructDef &struct_def,
std::string *code_ptr) {
if (struct_def.generated) return;
std::string &code = *code_ptr;
// Generate an accessor struct, with private variables of the form:
// type name_;
// Generates manual padding and alignment.
// Variables are private because they contain little endian data on all
// platforms.
GenComment(struct_def.doc_comment, code_ptr);
code += "MANUALLY_ALIGNED_STRUCT(" + NumToString(struct_def.minalign) + ") ";
code += struct_def.name + " {\n private:\n";
int padding_id = 0;
for (auto it = struct_def.fields.vec.begin();
it != struct_def.fields.vec.end();
++it) {
auto &field = **it;
code += " " + GenTypeGet(parser, field.value.type, " ", "", " ", false);
code += field.name + "_;\n";
GenPadding(field, [&code, &padding_id](int bits) {
code += " int" + NumToString(bits) +
"_t __padding" + NumToString(padding_id++) + ";\n";
});
}
// Generate a constructor that takes all fields as arguments.
code += "\n public:\n " + struct_def.name + "(";
for (auto it = struct_def.fields.vec.begin();
it != struct_def.fields.vec.end();
++it) {
auto &field = **it;
if (it != struct_def.fields.vec.begin()) code += ", ";
code += GenTypeGet(parser, field.value.type, " ", "const ", " &", true);
code += field.name;
}
code += ")\n : ";
padding_id = 0;
for (auto it = struct_def.fields.vec.begin();
it != struct_def.fields.vec.end();
++it) {
auto &field = **it;
if (it != struct_def.fields.vec.begin()) code += ", ";
code += field.name + "_(";
if (IsScalar(field.value.type.base_type)) {
code += "flatbuffers::EndianScalar(";
code += GenUnderlyingCast(parser, field, false, field.name);
code += "))";
} else {
code += field.name + ")";
}
GenPadding(field, [&code, &padding_id](int bits) {
(void)bits;
code += ", __padding" + NumToString(padding_id++) + "(0)";
});
}
code += " {";
padding_id = 0;
for (auto it = struct_def.fields.vec.begin();
it != struct_def.fields.vec.end();
++it) {
auto &field = **it;
GenPadding(field, [&code, &padding_id](int bits) {
(void)bits;
code += " (void)__padding" + NumToString(padding_id++) + ";";
});
}
code += " }\n\n";
// Generate accessor methods of the form:
// type name() const { return flatbuffers::EndianScalar(name_); }
for (auto it = struct_def.fields.vec.begin();
it != struct_def.fields.vec.end();
++it) {
auto &field = **it;
GenComment(field.doc_comment, code_ptr, " ");
code += " " + GenTypeGet(parser, field.value.type, " ", "const ", " &",
true);
code += field.name + "() const { return ";
code += GenUnderlyingCast(parser, field, true,
IsScalar(field.value.type.base_type)
? "flatbuffers::EndianScalar(" + field.name + "_)"
: field.name + "_");
code += "; }\n";
}
code += "};\nSTRUCT_END(" + struct_def.name + ", ";
code += NumToString(struct_def.bytesize) + ");\n\n";
}
void GenerateNestedNameSpaces(Namespace *ns, std::string *code_ptr) {
for (auto it = ns->components.begin(); it != ns->components.end(); ++it) {
*code_ptr += "namespace " + *it + " {\n";
}
}
void CloseNestedNameSpaces(Namespace *ns, std::string *code_ptr) {
for (auto it = ns->components.rbegin(); it != ns->components.rend(); ++it) {
*code_ptr += "} // namespace " + *it + "\n";
}
}
} // namespace cpp
// Iterate through all definitions we haven't generate code for (enums, structs,
// and tables) and output them to a single file.
std::string GenerateCPP(const Parser &parser,
const std::string &file_name,
const GeneratorOptions &opts) {
using namespace cpp;
// Generate code for all the enum declarations.
std::string enum_code, enum_code_post;
for (auto it = parser.enums_.vec.begin();
it != parser.enums_.vec.end(); ++it) {
GenEnum(**it, &enum_code, &enum_code_post, opts);
}
// Generate forward declarations for all structs/tables, since they may
// have circular references.
std::string forward_decl_code_same_namespace;
std::string forward_decl_code_other_namespace;
Namespace *cur_name_space = nullptr;
for (auto it = parser.structs_.vec.begin();
it != parser.structs_.vec.end(); ++it) {
auto &struct_def = **it;
auto decl = "struct " + struct_def.name + ";\n";
if (struct_def.defined_namespace == parser.namespaces_.back()) {
forward_decl_code_same_namespace += decl;
} else {
// Wrap this decl in the correct namespace. Only open a namespace if
// the adjacent one is different.
// TODO: this could be done more intelligently, by sorting to
// namespace path and only opening/closing what is necessary, but that's
// quite a bit more complexity.
if (cur_name_space != struct_def.defined_namespace) {
if (cur_name_space) {
CloseNestedNameSpaces(cur_name_space,
&forward_decl_code_other_namespace);
}
GenerateNestedNameSpaces(struct_def.defined_namespace,
&forward_decl_code_other_namespace);
cur_name_space = struct_def.defined_namespace;
}
forward_decl_code_other_namespace += decl;
}
}
if (cur_name_space) {
CloseNestedNameSpaces(cur_name_space,
&forward_decl_code_other_namespace);
}
// Generate code for all structs, then all tables.
std::string decl_code;
for (auto it = parser.structs_.vec.begin();
it != parser.structs_.vec.end(); ++it) {
if ((**it).fixed) GenStruct(parser, **it, &decl_code);
}
for (auto it = parser.structs_.vec.begin();
it != parser.structs_.vec.end(); ++it) {
if (!(**it).fixed) GenTable(parser, **it, opts, &decl_code);
}
// Only output file-level code if there were any declarations.
if (enum_code.length() || decl_code.length()) {
std::string code;
code = "// automatically generated by the FlatBuffers compiler,"
" do not modify\n\n";
// Generate include guard.
std::string include_guard_ident = file_name;
// Remove any non-alpha-numeric characters that may appear in a filename.
include_guard_ident.erase(
std::remove_if(include_guard_ident.begin(),
include_guard_ident.end(),
[](char c) { return !isalnum(c); }),
include_guard_ident.end());
std::string include_guard = "FLATBUFFERS_GENERATED_" + include_guard_ident;
include_guard += "_";
// For further uniqueness, also add the namespace.
auto name_space = parser.namespaces_.back();
for (auto it = name_space->components.begin();
it != name_space->components.end(); ++it) {
include_guard += *it + "_";
}
include_guard += "H_";
std::transform(include_guard.begin(), include_guard.end(),
include_guard.begin(), ::toupper);
code += "#ifndef " + include_guard + "\n";
code += "#define " + include_guard + "\n\n";
code += "#include \"flatbuffers/flatbuffers.h\"\n\n";
if (opts.include_dependence_headers) {
int num_includes = 0;
for (auto it = parser.included_files_.begin();
it != parser.included_files_.end(); ++it) {
auto basename = flatbuffers::StripPath(
flatbuffers::StripExtension(it->first));
if (basename != file_name) {
code += "#include \"" + basename + "_generated.h\"\n";
num_includes++;
}
}
if (num_includes) code += "\n";
}
code += forward_decl_code_other_namespace;
code += "\n";
GenerateNestedNameSpaces(name_space, &code);
code += "\n";
code += forward_decl_code_same_namespace;
code += "\n";
// Output the main declaration code from above.
code += enum_code;
code += decl_code;
code += enum_code_post;
// Generate convenient global helper functions:
if (parser.root_struct_def) {
// The root datatype accessor:
code += "inline const " + parser.root_struct_def->name + " *Get";
code += parser.root_struct_def->name;
code += "(const void *buf) { return flatbuffers::GetRoot<";
code += parser.root_struct_def->name + ">(buf); }\n\n";
// The root verifier:
code += "inline bool Verify";
code += parser.root_struct_def->name;
code += "Buffer(flatbuffers::Verifier &verifier) { "
"return verifier.VerifyBuffer<";
code += parser.root_struct_def->name + ">(); }\n\n";
// Finish a buffer with a given root object:
code += "inline void Finish" + parser.root_struct_def->name;
code += "Buffer(flatbuffers::FlatBufferBuilder &fbb, flatbuffers::Offset<";
code += parser.root_struct_def->name + "> root) { fbb.Finish(root";
if (parser.file_identifier_.length())
code += ", \"" + parser.file_identifier_ + "\"";
code += "); }\n\n";
if (parser.file_identifier_.length()) {
// Check if a buffer has the identifier.
code += "inline bool " + parser.root_struct_def->name;
code += "BufferHasIdentifier(const void *buf) { return flatbuffers::";
code += "BufferHasIdentifier(buf, \"" + parser.file_identifier_;
code += "\"); }\n\n";
}
}
CloseNestedNameSpaces(name_space, &code);
// Close the include guard.
code += "\n#endif // " + include_guard + "\n";
return code;
}
return std::string();
}
bool GenerateCPP(const Parser &parser,
const std::string &path,
const std::string &file_name,
const GeneratorOptions &opts) {
auto code = GenerateCPP(parser, file_name, opts);
return !code.length() ||
SaveFile((path + file_name + "_generated.h").c_str(), code, false);
}
} // namespace flatbuffers