Merge branch 'feature/android' into fix-build-wqf

吴启风
2 parents 413a50da dbca8811
Showing 54 changed files with 5797 additions and 754 deletions
android/app/build.gradle
android/build.gradle
android/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties
lib/common/utils/video_playback_diagnostics.dart
lib/common/utils/video_rendering_preference.dart
lib/pages/repeataftercontent/widgets/repeat_video_widget.dart
lib/pages/shopping/bloc.dart
lib/pages/shopping/view.dart
lib/pages/user/setting/setting_page.dart
lib/pages/video/lookvideo/widgets/video_widget.dart
lib/pages/video/zone/video_zone_page.dart
lib/pages/video/zone/video_zone_player_page.dart
packages/chivox_aiengine/android/build.gradle
packages/video_player_android/LICENSE
packages/video_player_android/android/build.gradle
packages/video_player_android/android/settings.gradle
packages/video_player_android/android/src/main/AndroidManifest.xml
packages/video_player_android/android/src/main/java/io/flutter/plugins/videoplayer/ExoPlayerEventListener.java
packages/video_player_android/android/src/main/java/io/flutter/plugins/videoplayer/ExoPlayerState.java
packages/video_player_android/android/src/main/java/io/flutter/plugins/videoplayer/HttpVideoAsset.java
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ apply from: &quot;../archive_apk.gradle&quot;
 android {
     namespace "com.kouyuxingqiu.wow_english"
     // compileSdkVersion flutter.compileSdkVersion
-    compileSdkVersion 34
+    compileSdkVersion 35
     // 暂时没有ndk需求
     // ndkVersion flutter.ndkVersion
 apply from: "/Users/stay/StudioProjects/ishowMavenRepositories.gradle"
 buildscript {
-    ext.kotlin_version = '1.8.21'
+    ext.kotlin_version = '1.8.22'
     repositories {
         maven { url 'https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/google' }
         maven { url "https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public" }
@@ -12,8 +12,7 @@ buildscript {
     }
     dependencies {
-        // AGP版本，目前自动创建的Gradle版本是用的7.5.0
-        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.3.0'
+        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:8.1.0'
         classpath "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:$kotlin_version"
     }
 }
@@ -2,5 +2,4 @@ distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
 distributionPath=wrapper/dists
 zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
 zipStorePath=wrapper/dists
-#distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-7.5-all.zip
-distributionUrl=https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/gradle/gradle-7.5-all.zip
+distributionUrl=https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/gradle/gradle-8.3-all.zip
+import 'dart:async';
+
+import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart';
+import 'package:video_player/video_player.dart';
+import 'package:wow_english/utils/toast_util.dart';
+
+/// Shared timeout and user-visible diagnostics for video_player based screens.
+class VideoPlaybackDiagnostics {
+  static const initializeTimeout = Duration(seconds: 10);
+  static const commandTimeout = Duration(seconds: 5);
+  static const bufferingWarningDelay = Duration(seconds: 10);
+
+  /// Starts native player disposal while keeping a stuck teardown bounded.
+  static Future<void> disposeController(
+    VideoPlayerController controller, {
+    required String context,
+  }) async {
+    try {
+      await controller.dispose().timeout(commandTimeout);
+    } catch (error) {
+      debugPrint('$context播放器释放失败或超时: $error');
+    }
+  }
+
+  static String messageFor(Object error, {required String stage}) {
+    final detail = error.toString().toLowerCase();
+    if (error is TimeoutException) {
+      if (stage == '视频初始化') return '视频初始化超时，请检查网络或设备解码能力';
+      if (stage == '播放器配置') return '播放器配置超时，设备可能不支持当前播放参数';
+      if (stage == '恢复播放进度') return '恢复播放进度超时';
+      return '$stage超时';
+    }
+    if (detail.contains('decoder') ||
+        detail.contains('codec') ||
+        detail.contains('mediacodec') ||
+        detail.contains('acodec')) {
+      return '视频解码器启动失败，可能是设备兼容性问题';
+    }
+    if (detail.contains('http') ||
+        detail.contains('socket') ||
+        detail.contains('network') ||
+        detail.contains('connection') ||
+        detail.contains('source error') ||
+        detail.contains('sourceerror')) {
+      return '视频网络请求失败，请检查网络或视频地址';
+    }
+    return '$stage失败，请重试';
+  }
+
+  static void show(String message, {int? videoId}) {
+    final idSuffix = videoId == null ? '' : '（视频ID: $videoId）';
+    showToast('$message$idSuffix', duration: const Duration(seconds: 4));
+  }
+}
+import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart';
+import 'package:video_player/video_player.dart';
+import 'package:wow_english/utils/sp_util.dart';
+
+/// User-selectable Android video output path for device compatibility testing.
+class VideoRenderingPreference {
+  static const _usePlatformViewKey = 'video_player_use_platform_view';
+
+  static bool get usesPlatformView =>
+      SpUtil.getInstance().get<bool>(_usePlatformViewKey) ?? false;
+
+  static VideoViewType get viewType =>
+      defaultTargetPlatform == TargetPlatform.android && usesPlatformView
+          ? VideoViewType.platformView
+          : VideoViewType.textureView;
+
+  static Future<void> setUsesPlatformView(bool value) =>
+      SpUtil.getInstance().setData(_usePlatformViewKey, value);
+}
+import 'dart:async';
+
 import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_bloc/flutter_bloc.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_screenutil/flutter_screenutil.dart';
 import 'package:video_player/video_player.dart';
+import 'package:wow_english/common/utils/video_playback_diagnostics.dart';
+import 'package:wow_english/common/utils/video_rendering_preference.dart';
 import 'package:wow_english/models/read_content_entity.dart';
 import '../bloc/repeat_after_content_bloc.dart';
@@ -23,32 +27,75 @@ class _RepeatVideoWidgetState extends State&lt;RepeatVideoWidget&gt; {
   String _totalTime = '00:00';
   double _playDegree = 0.5;
   int _currentPlayIndex = 0;
+  Object? _loadError;
+  Timer? _bufferingTimer;
+  VoidCallback? _controllerListener;
+  bool _bufferingWarningShown = false;
+  int _loadGeneration = 0;
   String formatDuration(Duration duration) {
-    String minutes = duration.inMinutes.remainder(60).toString().padLeft(2, '0');
-    String seconds = duration.inSeconds.remainder(60).toString().padLeft(2, '0');
+    String minutes =
+        duration.inMinutes.remainder(60).toString().padLeft(2, '0');
+    String seconds =
+        duration.inSeconds.remainder(60).toString().padLeft(2, '0');
     return "$minutes:$seconds";
   }
   void _addListener() {
-    _controller!.addListener(() {
-      if(_controller!.value.isInitialized) {
-        if (_controller!.value.isPlaying) {
-          setState(() {
-            double currentSecond = (_controller!.value.position.inMinutes.remainder(60)*60+_controller!.value.position.inSeconds.remainder(60)).toDouble();
-            int totalSecond = _controller!.value.duration.inMinutes.remainder(60)*60+_controller!.value.duration.inSeconds.remainder(60);
-            _currentTime = formatDuration(_controller!.value.position);
-            _playDegree = currentSecond/totalSecond;
-            if(_playDegree < 0) {
-              _playDegree = 0.0;
-            }
+    _controllerListener = _onControllerChanged;
+    _controller?.addListener(_controllerListener!);
+  }
+
+  void _onControllerChanged() {
+    final controller = _controller;
+    if (!mounted || controller == null) return;
+    _updateBufferingWatch(controller);
+    if (controller.value.hasError && _loadError == null) {
+      final error = controller.value.errorDescription ?? '未知播放器错误';
+      debugPrint('课程儿歌/视频播放失败: $error');
+      VideoPlaybackDiagnostics.show(
+        VideoPlaybackDiagnostics.messageFor(error, stage: '视频播放/解码'),
+      );
+      setState(() => _loadError = error);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (!controller.value.isInitialized || !controller.value.isPlaying) return;
+    setState(() {
+      final currentSecond =
+          (controller.value.position.inMinutes.remainder(60) * 60 +
+                  controller.value.position.inSeconds.remainder(60))
+              .toDouble();
+      final totalSecond =
+          controller.value.duration.inMinutes.remainder(60) * 60 +
+              controller.value.duration.inSeconds.remainder(60);
+      _currentTime = formatDuration(controller.value.position);
+      _playDegree = totalSecond == 0 ? 0 : currentSecond / totalSecond;
+      _playDegree = _playDegree.clamp(0.0, 1.0);
+    });
+  }
-            if(_playDegree > 1) {
-              _playDegree = 1.0;
-            }
-          });
-        }
+  void _updateBufferingWatch(VideoPlayerController controller) {
+    if (!controller.value.isBuffering) {
+      _bufferingTimer?.cancel();
+      _bufferingTimer = null;
+      _bufferingWarningShown = false;
+      return;
+    }
+    if (_bufferingTimer != null || _bufferingWarningShown) return;
+    _bufferingTimer = Timer(VideoPlaybackDiagnostics.bufferingWarningDelay, () {
+      _bufferingTimer = null;
+      if (!mounted ||
+          controller != _controller ||
+          !controller.value.isBuffering) {
+        return;
       }
+      _bufferingWarningShown = true;
+      final error = controller.value.errorDescription;
+      final message = error == null
+          ? '视频持续缓冲，网络或设备解码可能异常'
+          : VideoPlaybackDiagnostics.messageFor(error, stage: '视频播放/解码');
+      debugPrint('课程儿歌/视频持续缓冲: $message ${error ?? ''}');
+      VideoPlaybackDiagnostics.show(message);
     });
   }
@@ -56,127 +103,207 @@ class _RepeatVideoWidgetState extends State&lt;RepeatVideoWidget&gt; {
   void initState() {
     super.initState();
     var videoUrl = '';
-    if(widget.videoUrls.isNotEmpty) {
-      videoUrl = widget.videoUrls[_currentPlayIndex]?.videoUrl??'';
+    if (widget.videoUrls.isNotEmpty) {
+      videoUrl = widget.videoUrls[_currentPlayIndex]?.videoUrl ?? '';
     }
-    _initVideo(videoUrl);
+    unawaited(_initVideo(videoUrl));
   }
   @override
   Widget build(BuildContext context) {
     return Center(
-      child: _controller!.value.isInitialized ?  BlocListener<RepeatAfterContentBloc,RepeatAfterContentState>(
-        listener: (context, state){
-          if (state is VideoPlayChangeState) {
-            if (context.read<RepeatAfterContentBloc>().videoPlaying) {
-              _controller!.play();
-            } else {
-              _controller!.pause();
-            }
-          }
-
-          if (state is ChangeVideoPlayIndexState) {
-            if(state.isNext) {
-              if (_currentPlayIndex != (widget.videoUrls.length-1)) {
-                _currentPlayIndex++;
-                _destroyVideo();
-                _initVideo(widget.videoUrls[_currentPlayIndex]!.videoUrl!);
-              }
-            } else {
-              if (_currentPlayIndex > 0) {
-                _currentPlayIndex--;
-                _destroyVideo();
-                _initVideo(widget.videoUrls[_currentPlayIndex]!.videoUrl!);
-              }
-            }
-          }
-        },
-        child: SizedBox(
-          child: Column(
-            children: [
-              Expanded(
-                child: Stack(
-                  children: [
-                    Container(
-                      width: double.infinity,
-                      height: double.infinity,
-                      alignment: Alignment.center,
-                      decoration: BoxDecoration(
-                          color: Colors.black,
-                          border: Border.all(
-                            width: 1.0,
-                            color: const Color(0xFF140C10),
+      child: _loadError != null
+          ? Column(
+              mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
+              children: [
+                const Text('视频加载失败，请重试'),
+                const SizedBox(height: 8),
+                ElevatedButton(
+                  onPressed: () => unawaited(_initVideo(
+                    widget.videoUrls.isEmpty
+                        ? ''
+                        : widget.videoUrls[_currentPlayIndex]?.videoUrl ?? '',
+                  )),
+                  child: const Text('重试'),
+                ),
+              ],
+            )
+          : _controller?.value.isInitialized == true
+              ? BlocListener<RepeatAfterContentBloc, RepeatAfterContentState>(
+                  listener: (context, state) {
+                    if (state is VideoPlayChangeState) {
+                      unawaited(_setPlayback(
+                        context.read<RepeatAfterContentBloc>().videoPlaying,
+                      ));
+                    }
+                    if (state is ChangeVideoPlayIndexState) {
+                      final nextIndex = state.isNext
+                          ? _currentPlayIndex + 1
+                          : _currentPlayIndex - 1;
+                      if (nextIndex >= 0 &&
+                          nextIndex < widget.videoUrls.length) {
+                        _currentPlayIndex = nextIndex;
+                        unawaited(_initVideo(
+                          widget.videoUrls[nextIndex]?.videoUrl ?? '',
+                        ));
+                      }
+                    }
+                  },
+                  child: SizedBox(
+                    child: Column(
+                      children: [
+                        Expanded(
+                          child: Stack(
+                            children: [
+                              Container(
+                                width: double.infinity,
+                                height: double.infinity,
+                                alignment: Alignment.center,
+                                decoration: BoxDecoration(
+                                  color: Colors.black,
+                                  border: Border.all(
+                                    width: 1.0,
+                                    color: const Color(0xFF140C10),
+                                  ),
+                                  borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(5.r),
+                                ),
+                                child: AspectRatio(
+                                  aspectRatio: _controller!.value.aspectRatio,
+                                  child: VideoPlayer(_controller!),
+                                ),
+                              ),
+                              Positioned(
+                                left: 0,
+                                right: 0,
+                                bottom: 0,
+                                child: LinearProgressIndicator(
+                                  color: const Color(0xFF78B72D),
+                                  backgroundColor: const Color(0xFF7E756C),
+                                  value: _playDegree,
+                                ),
+                              ),
+                            ],
                           ),
-                          borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(5.r)
-                      ),
-                      child: AspectRatio(
-                        aspectRatio: _controller!.value.aspectRatio,
-                        child: VideoPlayer(_controller!),
-                      ),
+                        ),
+                        Row(
+                          mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.spaceBetween,
+                          children: [Text(_currentTime), Text(_totalTime)],
+                        ),
+                      ],
                     ),
-                    Positioned(
-                        left: 0,
-                        right: 0,
-                        bottom: 0,
-                        child: LinearProgressIndicator(
-                          color: const Color(0xFF78B72D),
-                          backgroundColor: const Color(0xFF7E756C),
-                          value: _playDegree,
-                        ))
-                  ],
+                  ),
+                )
+              : Container(
+                  color: Colors.white,
+                  child: const CircularProgressIndicator(),
                 ),
-              ),
-              Row(
-                mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.spaceBetween,
-                children: [
-                  Text(_currentTime),
-                  Text(_totalTime),
-                ],
-              )
-            ],
-          ),
-        )
-      )
-          :
-      Container(
-        color: Colors.white,
-        child: const CircularProgressIndicator(),
-        // Text(
-        //   '视频加载中....',
-        //   style: TextStyle(
-        //       fontSize: 20.sp,
-        //       color: Colors.black
-        //   ),
-        // ),
-      ),
     );
   }
-  void _initVideo(String videoUrl) {
-    if(videoUrl.isNotEmpty) {
-      Uri uri = Uri.parse(videoUrl);
-      _controller = VideoPlayerController.networkUrl(uri)
-        ..initialize().then((_){
-          setState(() {
-            _currentTime = formatDuration(_controller!.value.position);
-            _totalTime = formatDuration(_controller!.value.duration);
-            _controller!.setLooping(false);
-            _controller!.setVolume(100);
-            _controller!.play();
-          });
-          _addListener();
-        });
+  Future<void> _initVideo(String videoUrl) async {
+    final generation = ++_loadGeneration;
+    _bufferingTimer?.cancel();
+    _bufferingWarningShown = false;
+    await _destroyController();
+    if (!mounted || generation != _loadGeneration) return;
+    _loadError = null;
+    final url = videoUrl.trim();
+    if (url.isEmpty) {
+      _loadError = StateError('课程视频地址为空');
+      VideoPlaybackDiagnostics.show('课程视频地址为空');
+      if (mounted) setState(() {});
+      return;
+    }
+    final controller = VideoPlayerController.networkUrl(
+      Uri.parse(url),
+      viewType: VideoRenderingPreference.viewType,
+    );
+    _controller = controller;
+    if (mounted) setState(() {});
+    var stage = '视频初始化';
+    try {
+      await controller
+          .initialize()
+          .timeout(VideoPlaybackDiagnostics.initializeTimeout);
+      if (!mounted ||
+          generation != _loadGeneration ||
+          controller != _controller) {
+        await controller.dispose();
+        return;
+      }
+      stage = '播放器配置';
+      await controller
+          .setLooping(false)
+          .timeout(VideoPlaybackDiagnostics.commandTimeout);
+      await controller
+          .setVolume(1)
+          .timeout(VideoPlaybackDiagnostics.commandTimeout);
+      _addListener();
+      _updateBufferingWatch(controller);
+      await controller.play().timeout(VideoPlaybackDiagnostics.commandTimeout);
+      if (!mounted || generation != _loadGeneration) return;
+      setState(() {
+        _currentTime = formatDuration(controller.value.position);
+        _totalTime = formatDuration(controller.value.duration);
+      });
+    } catch (error) {
+      final failedCurrentController = controller == _controller;
+      if (failedCurrentController) {
+        _bufferingTimer?.cancel();
+        _bufferingTimer = null;
+      }
+      await VideoPlaybackDiagnostics.disposeController(
+        controller,
+        context: '课程儿歌/视频初始化失败($stage)',
+      );
+      if (!mounted ||
+          generation != _loadGeneration ||
+          !failedCurrentController) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _controller = null;
+      final message = VideoPlaybackDiagnostics.messageFor(error, stage: stage);
+      debugPrint('课程儿歌/视频加载失败(stage=$stage): $error');
+      VideoPlaybackDiagnostics.show(message);
+      setState(() => _loadError = error);
     }
   }
-  void _destroyVideo() {
-    _controller?.dispose();
-    _controller?.removeListener(() {});
+  Future<void> _setPlayback(bool shouldPlay) async {
+    final controller = _controller;
+    if (controller?.value.isInitialized != true) return;
+    try {
+      final operation = shouldPlay ? controller!.play() : controller!.pause();
+      await operation.timeout(VideoPlaybackDiagnostics.commandTimeout);
+    } catch (error) {
+      debugPrint('课程视频播放状态切换失败: $error');
+      VideoPlaybackDiagnostics.show(
+        VideoPlaybackDiagnostics.messageFor(error, stage: '播放器控制'),
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  Future<void> _destroyController() async {
+    final controller = _controller;
+    final listener = _controllerListener;
+    _controllerListener = null;
+    _controller = null;
+    if (controller != null) {
+      if (listener != null) {
+        controller.removeListener(listener);
+      }
+      await VideoPlaybackDiagnostics.disposeController(
+        controller,
+        context: '课程儿歌/视频切换',
+      );
+    }
   }
   @override
   void dispose() {
-    _destroyVideo();
+    _loadGeneration++;
+    _bufferingTimer?.cancel();
+    unawaited(_destroyController());
     super.dispose();
   }
 }
 \ No newline at end of file
@@ -15,13 +15,17 @@ import &#39;../../utils/toast_util.dart&#39;;
 import 'event.dart';
 import 'state.dart';
+const bool isWechatPayOptionVisible = false;
+
 class ShoppingBloc extends Bloc<ShoppingEvent, ShoppingState> {
   ProductEntity? _productData;
   ProductEntity? get productData => _productData;
-  PaymentChannel _curPaymentChannel = PaymentChannel.wechatPay;
+  PaymentChannel _curPaymentChannel = isWechatPayOptionVisible
+      ? PaymentChannel.wechatPay
+      : PaymentChannel.aliPay;
   PaymentChannel get curPaymentChannel => _curPaymentChannel;
@@ -149,17 +149,26 @@ Widget _paymentWidget() =&gt; BlocBuilder&lt;ShoppingBloc, ShoppingState&gt;(
                       fontFamily: 'PingFangSC-Regular')),
             ),
             const SizedBox(height: 18.0),
-            buildRadioOption(
-              value: PaymentChannel.wechatPay.payChannelType,
-              icon: AssetImage('weixin'.assetPng),
-              text: PaymentChannel.wechatPay.payChannelName,
-              isSelected: bloc.curPaymentChannel.payChannelType ==
-                  PaymentChannel.wechatPay.payChannelType,
-              onSelect: (newValue) {
-                bloc.add(ChangePaymentChannelEvent(PaymentChannel.wechatPay));
-              },
+            Visibility(
+              visible: isWechatPayOptionVisible,
+              child: Column(
+                children: [
+                  buildRadioOption(
+                    value: PaymentChannel.wechatPay.payChannelType,
+                    icon: AssetImage('weixin'.assetPng),
+                    text: PaymentChannel.wechatPay.payChannelName,
+                    isSelected: bloc.curPaymentChannel.payChannelType ==
+                        PaymentChannel.wechatPay.payChannelType,
+                    onSelect: (newValue) {
+                      bloc.add(
+                        ChangePaymentChannelEvent(PaymentChannel.wechatPay),
+                      );
+                    },
+                  ),
+                  const SizedBox(height: 15.0),
+                ],
+              ),
             ),
-            const SizedBox(height: 15.0),
             buildRadioOption(
               value: PaymentChannel.aliPay.payChannelType,
               icon: AssetImage('zhifubao'.assetPng),
+import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart';
 import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_easyloading/flutter_easyloading.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_screenutil/flutter_screenutil.dart';
 import 'package:package_info_plus/package_info_plus.dart';
+import 'package:wow_english/common/utils/video_rendering_preference.dart';
 import 'package:wow_english/common/widgets/we_app_bar.dart';
 import 'package:wow_english/utils/toast_util.dart';
@@ -19,9 +21,11 @@ class SettingPage extends StatefulWidget {
 class SettingPageState extends State<SettingPage> {
   String? _version;
   String? _buildNum;
+  bool _usePlatformView = false;
   @override
   void initState() {
     super.initState();
+    _usePlatformView = VideoRenderingPreference.usesPlatformView;
     _retrieveVersionInfo();
   }
@@ -62,6 +66,10 @@ class SettingPageState extends State&lt;SettingPage&gt; {
                 _buildItemWidget('帮助与反馈', onPress: () {
                   pushNamed(AppRouteName.reBack);
                 }),
+                if (defaultTargetPlatform == TargetPlatform.android) ...[
+                  12.verticalSpace,
+                  _buildVideoRenderingSetting(),
+                ],
                 12.verticalSpace,
                 _buildItemWidget('Version: $_version Build:$_buildNum',
                     onPress: () {}),
@@ -73,6 +81,49 @@ class SettingPageState extends State&lt;SettingPage&gt; {
     );
   }
+  Widget _buildVideoRenderingSetting() {
+    return Container(
+      padding: EdgeInsets.symmetric(horizontal: 16.w, vertical: 10.h),
+      decoration: BoxDecoration(
+        border: Border.all(color: const Color(0xFF140C10), width: 1.5.w),
+        borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(15.r),
+        color: Colors.white,
+      ),
+      child: Row(
+        children: [
+          Expanded(
+            child: Column(
+              crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
+              children: [
+                Text(
+                  '视频兼容模式',
+                  style: TextStyle(
+                      color: const Color(0xFF333333), fontSize: 19.sp),
+                ),
+                4.verticalSpace,
+                Text(
+                  _usePlatformView
+                      ? 'PlatformView（兼容测试）· 新打开的视频生效'
+                      : 'Texture（默认）· 新打开的视频生效',
+                  style: TextStyle(
+                      color: const Color(0xFF777777), fontSize: 13.sp),
+                ),
+              ],
+            ),
+          ),
+          Switch.adaptive(
+            value: _usePlatformView,
+            onChanged: (value) async {
+              setState(() => _usePlatformView = value);
+              await VideoRenderingPreference.setUsesPlatformView(value);
+              showToast(value ? '已切换为 PlatformView' : '已切换为 Texture');
+            },
+          ),
+        ],
+      ),
+    );
+  }
+
   Widget _buildItemWidget(String text, {VoidCallback? onPress}) {
     return OutlinedButton(
       onPressed: () => onPress?.call(),
+import 'dart:async';
+
 import 'package:common_utils/common_utils.dart';
 import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_bloc/flutter_bloc.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_screenutil/flutter_screenutil.dart';
 import 'package:video_player/video_player.dart';
 import 'package:wow_english/common/extension/string_extension.dart';
+import 'package:wow_english/common/utils/video_playback_diagnostics.dart';
+import 'package:wow_english/common/utils/video_rendering_preference.dart';
 import 'package:wow_english/pages/video/lookvideo/bloc/look_video_bloc.dart';
 import 'package:wow_english/route/route.dart';
@@ -36,6 +40,11 @@ class _VideoWidgetState extends State&lt;VideoWidget&gt; {
   String _totalTime = '00:00';
   double _playDegree = 0.0;
   bool _hiddenTipView = false;
+  Object? _loadError;
+  Timer? _bufferingTimer;
+  int _loadGeneration = 0;
+  VoidCallback? _diagnosticListener;
+  bool _bufferingWarningShown = false;
   TimerUtil? timerUtil;
   String formatDuration(Duration duration) {
@@ -142,19 +151,132 @@ class _VideoWidgetState extends State&lt;VideoWidget&gt; {
   @override
   void initState() {
     super.initState();
-    Uri uri = Uri.parse(widget.videoUrl);
-    _controller = VideoPlayerController.networkUrl(uri)
-      ..initialize().then((_) {
-        startTimer();
-        setState(() {
-          _currentTime = formatDuration(_controller!.value.position);
-          _totalTime = formatDuration(_controller!.value.duration);
-          _controller!.setLooping(!widget.isTopic);
-          _controller!.setVolume(100);
-          _controller!.play();
-        });
-        _addListener();
+    unawaited(_initializeVideo());
+  }
+
+  Future<void> _initializeVideo() async {
+    final generation = ++_loadGeneration;
+    _bufferingTimer?.cancel();
+    _bufferingWarningShown = false;
+    final oldController = _controller;
+    if (oldController != null) {
+      if (_diagnosticListener != null) {
+        oldController.removeListener(_diagnosticListener!);
+      }
+    }
+    _diagnosticListener = null;
+    _controller = null;
+    _loadError = null;
+    if (oldController != null) {
+      await VideoPlaybackDiagnostics.disposeController(
+        oldController,
+        context: '课程视频切换',
+      );
+    }
+    if (!mounted || generation != _loadGeneration) return;
+    final url = widget.videoUrl.trim();
+    if (url.isEmpty) {
+      _loadError = StateError('课程视频地址为空');
+      VideoPlaybackDiagnostics.show('课程视频地址为空');
+      if (mounted) setState(() {});
+      return;
+    }
+    final controller = VideoPlayerController.networkUrl(
+      Uri.parse(url),
+      viewType: VideoRenderingPreference.viewType,
+    );
+    _controller = controller;
+    if (mounted) setState(() {});
+    var stage = '视频初始化';
+    try {
+      await controller
+          .initialize()
+          .timeout(VideoPlaybackDiagnostics.initializeTimeout);
+      if (!mounted ||
+          generation != _loadGeneration ||
+          controller != _controller) {
+        await controller.dispose();
+        return;
+      }
+      stage = '播放器配置';
+      await controller
+          .setLooping(!widget.isTopic)
+          .timeout(VideoPlaybackDiagnostics.commandTimeout);
+      await controller
+          .setVolume(1)
+          .timeout(VideoPlaybackDiagnostics.commandTimeout);
+      _addListener();
+      _diagnosticListener = _onDiagnosticChanged;
+      controller.addListener(_diagnosticListener!);
+      _updateBufferingWatch(controller);
+      await controller.play().timeout(VideoPlaybackDiagnostics.commandTimeout);
+      if (!mounted || generation != _loadGeneration) return;
+      startTimer();
+      setState(() {
+        _currentTime = formatDuration(controller.value.position);
+        _totalTime = formatDuration(controller.value.duration);
       });
+    } catch (error) {
+      final failedCurrentController = controller == _controller;
+      if (failedCurrentController) {
+        _bufferingTimer?.cancel();
+        _bufferingTimer = null;
+        controller.removeListener(_diagnosticListener ?? _onDiagnosticChanged);
+      }
+      await VideoPlaybackDiagnostics.disposeController(
+        controller,
+        context: '课程视频初始化失败($stage)',
+      );
+      if (!mounted ||
+          generation != _loadGeneration ||
+          !failedCurrentController) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _controller = null;
+      final message = VideoPlaybackDiagnostics.messageFor(error, stage: stage);
+      debugPrint('课程视频加载失败(stage=$stage): $error');
+      VideoPlaybackDiagnostics.show(message);
+      setState(() => _loadError = error);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void _onDiagnosticChanged() {
+    final controller = _controller;
+    if (!mounted || controller == null) return;
+    _updateBufferingWatch(controller);
+    if (controller.value.hasError && _loadError == null) {
+      final error = controller.value.errorDescription ?? '未知播放器错误';
+      debugPrint('课程视频播放失败: $error');
+      VideoPlaybackDiagnostics.show(
+        VideoPlaybackDiagnostics.messageFor(error, stage: '视频播放/解码'),
+      );
+      setState(() => _loadError = error);
+    }
+  }
+
+  void _updateBufferingWatch(VideoPlayerController controller) {
+    if (!controller.value.isBuffering) {
+      _bufferingTimer?.cancel();
+      _bufferingTimer = null;
+      _bufferingWarningShown = false;
+      return;
+    }
+    if (_bufferingTimer != null || _bufferingWarningShown) return;
+    _bufferingTimer = Timer(VideoPlaybackDiagnostics.bufferingWarningDelay, () {
+      _bufferingTimer = null;
+      if (!mounted ||
+          controller != _controller ||
+          !controller.value.isBuffering) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _bufferingWarningShown = true;
+      final error = controller.value.errorDescription;
+      final message = error == null
+          ? '视频持续缓冲，网络或设备解码可能异常'
+          : VideoPlaybackDiagnostics.messageFor(error, stage: '视频播放/解码');
+      debugPrint('课程视频持续缓冲: $message ${error ?? ''}');
+      VideoPlaybackDiagnostics.show(message);
+    });
   }
   @override
@@ -162,12 +284,18 @@ class _VideoWidgetState extends State&lt;VideoWidget&gt; {
     return BlocListener<LookVideoBloc, BaseSectionState>(
       listener: (context, state) async {
         if (state is SectionAgainState) {
-          await _controller?.seekTo(Duration.zero);
-          _controller?.play();
+          final controller = _controller;
+          if (controller?.value.isInitialized == true) {
+            await controller!.seekTo(Duration.zero);
+            await controller.play();
+          }
         }
       },
       child: GestureDetector(
         onTap: () {
+          if (_loadError != null || _controller?.value.isInitialized != true) {
+            return;
+          }
           setState(() {
             _hiddenTipView = !_hiddenTipView;
             if (!_hiddenTipView) {
@@ -180,7 +308,7 @@ class _VideoWidgetState extends State&lt;VideoWidget&gt; {
           });
         },
         onDoubleTap: () {
-          if (_controller!.value.isInitialized) {
+          if (_controller?.value.isInitialized == true) {
             if (_controller!.value.isPlaying) {
               _controller!.pause();
             } else {
@@ -190,65 +318,78 @@ class _VideoWidgetState extends State&lt;VideoWidget&gt; {
           }
         },
         child: Center(
-          child: _controller!.value.isInitialized
-              ? Stack(
-                  alignment: Alignment.center,
+          child: _loadError != null
+              ? Column(
+                  mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
                   children: [
-                    SizedBox(
-                      height: double.infinity,
-                      width: double.infinity,
-                      child: AspectRatio(
-                        aspectRatio: _controller!.value.aspectRatio,
-                        child: VideoPlayer(_controller!),
-                      ),
-                    ),
-                    Offstage(
-                      offstage: _hiddenTipView,
-                      child: VideoOperaWidget(
-                        title: widget.typeTitle ?? 'song',
-                        degree: _playDegree,
-                        totalTime: _totalTime,
-                        currentTime: _currentTime,
-                        isPlay: _controller!.value.isPlaying,
-                        actionEvent: (OperationType type) {
-                          actionType(type);
-                        },
-                        sliderChangeEvent: (double degree) {
-                          int totalSecond = _controller!
-                                      .value.duration.inMinutes
-                                      .remainder(60) *
-                                  60 +
-                              _controller!.value.duration.inSeconds
-                                  .remainder(60);
-                          int positionSecond = (totalSecond * degree).toInt();
-                          _controller!
-                              .seekTo(Duration(seconds: positionSecond));
-                        },
-                      ),
+                    const Text('视频加载失败，请重试'),
+                    const SizedBox(height: 8),
+                    ElevatedButton(
+                      onPressed: _initializeVideo,
+                      child: const Text('重试'),
                     ),
-                    Offstage(
-                      offstage: _controller!.value.isPlaying,
-                      child: IconButton(
-                        onPressed: () {
-                          _controller!.play();
-                        },
-                        icon: Image.asset(
-                          'video_stop'.assetPng,
-                          width: 70.w,
-                          height: 70.h,
-                        ),
-                      ),
-                    )
                   ],
                 )
-              : Container(
-                  color: Colors.white,
-                  child: const CircularProgressIndicator(),
-                  // Text(
-                  //   '视频加载中....',
-                  //   style: TextStyle(fontSize: 20.sp, color: Colors.black),
-                  // ),
-                ),
+              : _controller?.value.isInitialized == true
+                  ? Stack(
+                      alignment: Alignment.center,
+                      children: [
+                        SizedBox(
+                          height: double.infinity,
+                          width: double.infinity,
+                          child: AspectRatio(
+                            aspectRatio: _controller!.value.aspectRatio,
+                            child: VideoPlayer(_controller!),
+                          ),
+                        ),
+                        Offstage(
+                          offstage: _hiddenTipView,
+                          child: VideoOperaWidget(
+                            title: widget.typeTitle ?? 'song',
+                            degree: _playDegree,
+                            totalTime: _totalTime,
+                            currentTime: _currentTime,
+                            isPlay: _controller!.value.isPlaying,
+                            actionEvent: (OperationType type) {
+                              actionType(type);
+                            },
+                            sliderChangeEvent: (double degree) {
+                              int totalSecond = _controller!
+                                          .value.duration.inMinutes
+                                          .remainder(60) *
+                                      60 +
+                                  _controller!.value.duration.inSeconds
+                                      .remainder(60);
+                              int positionSecond =
+                                  (totalSecond * degree).toInt();
+                              _controller!
+                                  .seekTo(Duration(seconds: positionSecond));
+                            },
+                          ),
+                        ),
+                        Offstage(
+                          offstage: _controller!.value.isPlaying,
+                          child: IconButton(
+                            onPressed: () {
+                              _controller!.play();
+                            },
+                            icon: Image.asset(
+                              'video_stop'.assetPng,
+                              width: 70.w,
+                              height: 70.h,
+                            ),
+                          ),
+                        )
+                      ],
+                    )
+                  : Container(
+                      color: Colors.white,
+                      child: const CircularProgressIndicator(),
+                      // Text(
+                      //   '视频加载中....',
+                      //   style: TextStyle(fontSize: 20.sp, color: Colors.black),
+                      // ),
+                    ),
         ),
       ),
     );
@@ -256,8 +397,18 @@ class _VideoWidgetState extends State&lt;VideoWidget&gt; {
   @override
   void dispose() {
-    _controller?.dispose();
-    _controller?.removeListener(() {});
+    _loadGeneration++;
+    _bufferingTimer?.cancel();
+    if (_diagnosticListener != null) {
+      _controller?.removeListener(_diagnosticListener!);
+    }
+    final controller = _controller;
+    if (controller != null) {
+      unawaited(VideoPlaybackDiagnostics.disposeController(
+        controller,
+        context: '课程视频页面退出',
+      ));
+    }
     if (timerUtil != null) {
       timerUtil!.cancel();
       timerUtil = null;
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ import &#39;dart:async&#39;;
 import 'package:cached_network_image/cached_network_image.dart';
 import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
-import 'package:flutter/services.dart';
 import 'package:flutter_screenutil/flutter_screenutil.dart';
 import 'package:wow_english/common/dialogs/show_dialog.dart';
 import 'package:wow_english/common/request/dao/video_dao.dart';
 import 'package:wow_english/common/widgets/we_app_bar.dart';
 import 'package:wow_english/route/route.dart';
+import 'package:wow_english/utils/toast_util.dart';
 import 'video_zone_item.dart';
@@ -24,104 +24,93 @@ class _VideoZonePageState extends State&lt;VideoZonePage&gt; {
   @override
   void initState() {
     super.initState();
-    unawaited(
-      SystemChrome.setEnabledSystemUIMode(SystemUiMode.immersiveSticky),
-    );
-    _itemsFuture = VideoDao.list();
+    _itemsFuture = _loadItems();
   }
-  @override
-  void dispose() {
-    unawaited(
-      SystemChrome.setEnabledSystemUIMode(SystemUiMode.immersiveSticky),
-    );
-    super.dispose();
+  Future<List<VideoZoneItem>> _loadItems() async {
+    try {
+      return await VideoDao.list().timeout(const Duration(seconds: 10));
+    } on TimeoutException catch (error) {
+      debugPrint('获取视频列表超时: $error');
+      showToast('视频列表加载超时，请检查网络后重试');
+      rethrow;
+    } catch (error) {
+      debugPrint('获取视频列表失败: $error');
+      showToast('视频列表加载失败，请稍后重试');
+      rethrow;
+    }
   }
   void _reload() {
     setState(() {
-      _itemsFuture = VideoDao.list();
+      _itemsFuture = _loadItems();
     });
   }
   @override
   Widget build(BuildContext context) {
-    return MediaQuery.removePadding(
-      context: context,
-      removeTop: true,
-      child: Scaffold(
-        backgroundColor: Colors.white,
-        appBar: const WEAppBar(
-          titleText: '视频专区',
-          centerTitle: false,
-        ),
-        body: FutureBuilder<List<VideoZoneItem>>(
-          future: _itemsFuture,
-          builder: (context, snapshot) {
-            if (snapshot.connectionState == ConnectionState.waiting) {
-              return const Center(child: CircularProgressIndicator());
-            }
-            if (snapshot.hasError) {
-              return _VideoLoadError(onRetry: _reload);
-            }
-            final items = snapshot.data ?? const <VideoZoneItem>[];
-            if (items.isEmpty) {
-              return const Center(
-                child: Text(
-                  '暂无视频',
-                  style: TextStyle(color: Color(0xFF999999), fontSize: 18),
-                ),
-              );
-            }
-            return RefreshIndicator(
-              onRefresh: () async {
-                final future = VideoDao.list();
-                setState(() => _itemsFuture = future);
-                await future;
-              },
-              child: LayoutBuilder(
-                builder: (context, constraints) {
-                  final horizontalPadding = 30.w;
-                  final crossAxisSpacing = 12.w;
-                  final titleStyle = _VideoCard.createTitleStyle(context);
-                  final titlePainter = TextPainter(
-                    text: TextSpan(text: '视频标题', style: titleStyle),
-                    maxLines: 1,
-                    textDirection: Directionality.of(context),
-                    textScaler: MediaQuery.textScalerOf(context),
-                  )..layout();
-                  final cardWidth = (constraints.maxWidth -
-                          horizontalPadding * 2 -
-                          crossAxisSpacing * 2) /
-                      3;
-                  final cardHeight =
-                      cardWidth * 9 / 16 + 5.h + titlePainter.height;
-                  return GridView.builder(
-                    physics: const AlwaysScrollableScrollPhysics(),
-                    padding: EdgeInsets.fromLTRB(
-                      horizontalPadding,
-                      10.h,
-                      horizontalPadding,
-                      16.h,
-                    ),
-                    gridDelegate: SliverGridDelegateWithFixedCrossAxisCount(
-                      crossAxisCount: 3,
-                      mainAxisSpacing: 14.h,
-                      crossAxisSpacing: crossAxisSpacing,
-                      mainAxisExtent: cardHeight,
-                    ),
-                    itemCount: items.length,
-                    itemBuilder: (context, index) => _VideoCard(
-                      item: items[index],
-                      onTap: () => _openVideo(items, index),
-                      titleStyle: titleStyle,
-                    ),
-                  );
-                },
+    return Scaffold(
+      backgroundColor: Colors.white,
+      appBar: const WEAppBar(
+        titleText: '视频专区',
+        centerTitle: false,
+      ),
+      body: FutureBuilder<List<VideoZoneItem>>(
+        future: _itemsFuture,
+        builder: (context, snapshot) {
+          if (snapshot.connectionState == ConnectionState.waiting) {
+            return const Center(child: CircularProgressIndicator());
+          }
+          if (snapshot.hasError) {
+            return _VideoLoadError(onRetry: _reload);
+          }
+          final items = snapshot.data ?? const <VideoZoneItem>[];
+          if (items.isEmpty) {
+            return const Center(
+              child: Text(
+                '暂无视频',
+                style: TextStyle(color: Color(0xFF999999), fontSize: 18),
               ),
             );
-          },
-        ),
+          }
+          return RefreshIndicator(
+            onRefresh: () async {
+              final future = _loadItems();
+              setState(() => _itemsFuture = future);
+              try {
+                await future;
+              } catch (_) {
+                // The FutureBuilder shows the error state; _loadItems already toasts it.
+              }
+            },
+            child: LayoutBuilder(
+              builder: (context, constraints) {
+                final titleStyle = _VideoCard.createTitleStyle(context);
+                return GridView.builder(
+                  physics: const AlwaysScrollableScrollPhysics(),
+                  padding: EdgeInsets.fromLTRB(
+                    14.w,
+                    10.h,
+                    14.w,
+                    16.h,
+                  ),
+                  gridDelegate: SliverGridDelegateWithFixedCrossAxisCount(
+                    crossAxisCount: 4,
+                    mainAxisSpacing: 14.h,
+                    crossAxisSpacing: 12.w,
+                    childAspectRatio: 1.55,
+                  ),
+                  itemCount: items.length,
+                  itemBuilder: (context, index) => _VideoCard(
+                    item: items[index],
+                    onTap: () => _openVideo(items, index),
+                    titleStyle: titleStyle,
+                  ),
+                );
+              },
+            ),
+          );
+        },
       ),
     );
   }
@@ -144,13 +133,7 @@ class _VideoZonePageState extends State&lt;VideoZonePage&gt; {
             .toList(),
         'initialVideoId': item.id,
       },
-    ).then((_) {
-      if (!mounted) return;
-      unawaited(
-        SystemChrome.setEnabledSystemUIMode(SystemUiMode.immersiveSticky),
-      );
-      _reload();
-    });
+    ).then((_) => _reload());
   }
 }
@@ -203,8 +186,7 @@ class _VideoCard extends StatelessWidget {
       child: Column(
         crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
         children: [
-          AspectRatio(
-            aspectRatio: 16 / 9,
+          Expanded(
             child: ClipRRect(
               borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(12.r),
               child: CachedNetworkImage(
@@ -6,7 +6,10 @@ import &#39;package:flutter/material.dart&#39;;
 import 'package:flutter/services.dart';
 import 'package:video_player/video_player.dart';
 import 'package:wow_english/common/request/dao/video_dao.dart';
+import 'package:wow_english/common/utils/video_playback_diagnostics.dart';
 import 'package:wow_english/common/utils/video_progress_cache.dart';
+import 'package:wow_english/common/utils/video_rendering_preference.dart';
+import 'package:wow_english/utils/toast_util.dart';
 import 'video_zone_item.dart';
@@ -26,13 +29,20 @@ class VideoZonePlayerPage extends StatefulWidget {
 class _VideoZonePlayerPageState extends State<VideoZonePlayerPage>
     with WidgetsBindingObserver {
+  static const _initializeTimeout = Duration(seconds: 10);
+  static const _playerCommandTimeout = Duration(seconds: 5);
+  static const _progressReadTimeout = Duration(seconds: 2);
+  static const _bufferingWarningDelay = Duration(seconds: 10);
+
   VideoPlayerController? _controller;
   ChewieController? _chewieController;
   Timer? _cacheTimer;
+  Timer? _bufferingTimer;
   late int _currentIndex;
   double _playbackSpeed = 1;
   bool _switchingVideo = false;
   bool _handlingCompletion = false;
+  bool _bufferingWarningShown = false;
   bool? _lastIsPlaying;
   int? _completedReportedVideoId;
   Object? _loadError;
@@ -56,6 +66,8 @@ class _VideoZonePlayerPageState extends State&lt;VideoZonePlayerPage&gt;
   Future<void> _loadCurrentVideo() async {
     final useCupertinoControls = defaultTargetPlatform == TargetPlatform.iOS;
     _cacheTimer?.cancel();
+    _bufferingTimer?.cancel();
+    _bufferingWarningShown = false;
     final oldController = _controller;
     final oldChewieController = _chewieController;
     if (oldController?.value.isInitialized == true) {
@@ -63,25 +75,32 @@ class _VideoZonePlayerPageState extends State&lt;VideoZonePlayerPage&gt;
     }
     oldController?.removeListener(_onVideoChanged);
     _lastIsPlaying = null;
-    final controller =
-        VideoPlayerController.networkUrl(Uri.parse(_currentItem.videoUrl));
+    final controller = VideoPlayerController.networkUrl(
+      Uri.parse(_currentItem.videoUrl),
+      viewType: VideoRenderingPreference.viewType,
+    );
     _controller = controller;
     _chewieController = null;
     _loadError = null;
     if (mounted) {
       setState(() {});
     }
-    oldChewieController?.dispose();
-    await oldController?.dispose();
-
+    var stage = '释放旧播放器';
     try {
-      await controller.initialize().timeout(const Duration(seconds: 20));
+      oldChewieController?.dispose();
+      await oldController?.dispose().timeout(_playerCommandTimeout);
+      stage = '初始化视频流';
+      await controller.initialize().timeout(_initializeTimeout);
       if (!mounted || controller != _controller) {
         await controller.dispose();
         return;
       }
-      await controller.setLooping(false);
-      await controller.setPlaybackSpeed(_playbackSpeed);
+      stage = '配置播放器';
+      await controller.setLooping(false).timeout(_playerCommandTimeout);
+      await controller
+          .setPlaybackSpeed(_playbackSpeed)
+          .timeout(_playerCommandTimeout);
+      stage = '读取本地播放进度';
       final savedProgress = await _resumeProgressFor(_currentItem.id);
       if (!mounted || controller != _controller) {
         await controller.dispose();
@@ -89,10 +108,25 @@ class _VideoZonePlayerPageState extends State&lt;VideoZonePlayerPage&gt;
       }
       if (savedProgress > 0 &&
           savedProgress < controller.value.duration.inSeconds) {
-        await controller.seekTo(Duration(seconds: savedProgress));
+        stage = '恢复播放进度';
+        try {
+          await controller
+              .seekTo(Duration(seconds: savedProgress))
+              .timeout(_playerCommandTimeout);
+        } on TimeoutException catch (error) {
+          debugPrint(
+            '恢复本地视频进度超时(videoId=${_currentItem.id}): $error',
+          );
+          _showVideoToast('恢复进度超时，已尝试从头播放');
+        } catch (error) {
+          debugPrint('恢复本地视频进度失败(videoId=${_currentItem.id}): $error');
+          _showVideoToast('恢复进度失败，已尝试从头播放');
+        }
       }
+      stage = '创建播放界面';
       _lastIsPlaying = controller.value.isPlaying;
       controller.addListener(_onVideoChanged);
+      _updateBufferingWatch(controller);
       _chewieController = ChewieController(
         videoPlayerController: controller,
         autoPlay: true,
@@ -139,15 +173,42 @@ class _VideoZonePlayerPageState extends State&lt;VideoZonePlayerPage&gt;
       );
       setState(() {});
     } catch (error) {
-      if (mounted && controller == _controller) {
-        setState(() => _loadError = error);
+      final failedCurrentController = controller == _controller;
+      if (failedCurrentController) {
+        controller.removeListener(_onVideoChanged);
+        _bufferingTimer?.cancel();
+        _bufferingTimer = null;
+        _cacheTimer?.cancel();
+        _cacheTimer = null;
+        _chewieController?.dispose();
+        _chewieController = null;
       }
+      await VideoPlaybackDiagnostics.disposeController(
+        controller,
+        context: '视频专区初始化失败($stage)',
+      );
+      if (!mounted || !failedCurrentController) return;
+      _controller = null;
+      final message = _diagnosticMessage(stage, error);
+      debugPrint('$message (videoId=${_currentItem.id}): $error');
+      _showVideoToast('$message（视频ID: ${_currentItem.id}）');
+      setState(() => _loadError = error);
     }
   }
   void _onVideoChanged() {
     final controller = _controller;
     if (!mounted || controller == null) return;
+    _updateBufferingWatch(controller);
+    if (controller.value.hasError && _loadError == null) {
+      final error = controller.value.errorDescription ?? '未知播放器错误';
+      debugPrint('视频播放失败(videoId=${_currentItem.id}): $error');
+      _showVideoToast(
+        '${_diagnosticMessage('播放/解码', error)}（视频ID: ${_currentItem.id}）',
+      );
+      setState(() => _loadError = error);
+      return;
+    }
     final isPlaying = controller.value.isPlaying;
     if (_lastIsPlaying != null && _lastIsPlaying != isPlaying) {
       unawaited(_cacheCurrentProgress());
@@ -162,6 +223,30 @@ class _VideoZonePlayerPageState extends State&lt;VideoZonePlayerPage&gt;
     }
   }
+  void _updateBufferingWatch(VideoPlayerController controller) {
+    if (!controller.value.isBuffering) {
+      _bufferingTimer?.cancel();
+      _bufferingTimer = null;
+      _bufferingWarningShown = false;
+      return;
+    }
+    if (_bufferingTimer != null || _bufferingWarningShown) return;
+    _bufferingTimer = Timer(_bufferingWarningDelay, () {
+      _bufferingTimer = null;
+      if (!mounted ||
+          controller != _controller ||
+          !controller.value.isBuffering) {
+        return;
+      }
+      _bufferingWarningShown = true;
+      final error = controller.value.errorDescription;
+      final reason =
+          error == null ? '网络缓冲或设备解码可能异常' : _diagnosticMessage('播放/解码', error);
+      debugPrint('视频持续缓冲(videoId=${_currentItem.id}): $reason ${error ?? ''}');
+      _showVideoToast('视频持续缓冲超过10秒：$reason（视频ID: ${_currentItem.id}）');
+    });
+  }
+
   Future<void> _playNext({bool currentCompleted = false}) async {
     if (_switchingVideo || _currentIndex >= widget.items.length - 1) return;
     _switchingVideo = true;
@@ -187,6 +272,7 @@ class _VideoZonePlayerPageState extends State&lt;VideoZonePlayerPage&gt;
       SystemChrome.setEnabledSystemUIMode(SystemUiMode.immersiveSticky),
     );
     _cacheTimer?.cancel();
+    _bufferingTimer?.cancel();
     _controller?.removeListener(_onVideoChanged);
     unawaited(_reportCurrentProgress());
     _chewieController?.dispose();
@@ -237,14 +323,52 @@ class _VideoZonePlayerPageState extends State&lt;VideoZonePlayerPage&gt;
   Future<int> _resumeProgressFor(int videoId) async {
     try {
-      final cached = await VideoProgressCache.get(videoId);
+      final cached =
+          await VideoProgressCache.get(videoId).timeout(_progressReadTimeout);
       if (cached != null) return cached.progressSeconds;
+    } on TimeoutException catch (error) {
+      debugPrint('读取本地视频进度超时(videoId=$videoId): $error');
+      _showVideoToast('本地进度读取超时，已从头播放');
     } catch (error) {
       debugPrint('读取本地视频播放进度失败: $error');
+      _showVideoToast('本地进度读取失败，已从头播放');
     }
     return 0;
   }
+  String _diagnosticMessage(String stage, Object error) {
+    final detail = error.toString().toLowerCase();
+    if (error is TimeoutException) {
+      if (stage == '初始化视频流') return '视频初始化超时，请检查网络或设备解码能力';
+      if (stage == '释放旧播放器') return '播放器释放超时，请退出后重试';
+      if (stage == '配置播放器') return '播放器配置超时，设备可能不支持当前播放参数';
+      if (stage == '恢复播放进度') return '恢复播放进度超时';
+      return '$stage超时';
+    }
+    if (detail.contains('decoder') ||
+        detail.contains('codec') ||
+        detail.contains('mediacodec') ||
+        detail.contains('acodec')) {
+      return '视频解码器启动失败，可能是设备兼容性问题';
+    }
+    if (detail.contains('http') ||
+        detail.contains('socket') ||
+        detail.contains('network') ||
+        detail.contains('connection') ||
+        detail.contains('source error') ||
+        detail.contains('sourceerror')) {
+      return '视频网络请求失败，请检查网络或视频地址';
+    }
+    if (stage == '初始化视频流') return '视频流初始化失败';
+    if (stage == '配置播放器') return '播放器配置失败';
+    if (stage == '播放/解码') return '视频播放/解码失败，请检查网络或设备兼容性';
+    return '$stage失败';
+  }
+
+  void _showVideoToast(String message) {
+    showToast(message, duration: const Duration(seconds: 4));
+  }
+
   Future<void> _cacheCurrentProgress() async {
     final controller = _controller;
     if (controller == null || !controller.value.isInitialized) return;
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ rootProject.allprojects {
 apply plugin: 'com.android.library'
 android {
+    namespace 'com.example.chivox_aiengine'
     compileSdkVersion 31
     compileOptions {
+Copyright 2013 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
+are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+      copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
+      disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
+      with the distribution.
+    * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+      contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
+      from this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
+ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+group 'io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer'
+version '1.0-SNAPSHOT'
+
+buildscript {
+    repositories {
+        google()
+        mavenCentral()
+    }
+
+    dependencies {
+        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:8.5.0'
+    }
+}
+
+rootProject.allprojects {
+    repositories {
+        google()
+        mavenCentral()
+    }
+}
+
+apply plugin: 'com.android.library'
+
+android {
+    namespace 'io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer'
+    compileSdk = flutter.compileSdkVersion
+
+    defaultConfig {
+        minSdkVersion 21
+        testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
+    }
+    lintOptions {
+        checkAllWarnings true
+        warningsAsErrors true
+        disable 'AndroidGradlePluginVersion', 'InvalidPackage', 'GradleDependency', 'NewerVersionAvailable'
+    }
+    compileOptions {
+        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_11
+        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_11
+    }
+
+    dependencies {
+        def exoplayer_version = "1.4.1"
+        implementation "androidx.media3:media3-exoplayer:${exoplayer_version}"
+        implementation "androidx.media3:media3-exoplayer-hls:${exoplayer_version}"
+        implementation "androidx.media3:media3-exoplayer-dash:${exoplayer_version}"
+        implementation "androidx.media3:media3-exoplayer-rtsp:${exoplayer_version}"
+        implementation "androidx.media3:media3-exoplayer-smoothstreaming:${exoplayer_version}"
+        testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.13.2'
+        testImplementation 'androidx.test:core:1.6.1'
+        testImplementation 'org.mockito:mockito-inline:5.2.0'
+        testImplementation 'org.robolectric:robolectric:4.14.1'
+        testImplementation "androidx.media3:media3-test-utils:${exoplayer_version}"
+    }
+
+    testOptions {
+        unitTests.includeAndroidResources = true
+        unitTests.returnDefaultValues = true
+        unitTests.all {
+            // The org.gradle.jvmargs property that may be set in gradle.properties does not impact
+            // the Java heap size when running the Android unit tests. The following property here
+            // sets the heap size to a size large enough to run the robolectric tests across
+            // multiple SDK levels.
+            jvmArgs "-Xmx4G"
+            testLogging {
+               events "passed", "skipped", "failed", "standardOut", "standardError"
+               outputs.upToDateWhen {false}
+               showStandardStreams = true
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+rootProject.name = 'video_player_android'
+<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
+  package="io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer">
+</manifest>
+// Copyright 2013 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.media3.common.PlaybackException;
+import androidx.media3.common.Player;
+import androidx.media3.exoplayer.ExoPlayer;
+
+public abstract class ExoPlayerEventListener implements Player.Listener {
+  private boolean isBuffering = false;
+  private boolean isInitialized;
+  protected final ExoPlayer exoPlayer;
+  protected final VideoPlayerCallbacks events;
+
+  protected enum RotationDegrees {
+    ROTATE_0(0),
+    ROTATE_90(90),
+    ROTATE_180(180),
+    ROTATE_270(270);
+
+    private final int degrees;
+
+    RotationDegrees(int degrees) {
+      this.degrees = degrees;
+    }
+
+    public static RotationDegrees fromDegrees(int degrees) {
+      for (RotationDegrees rotationDegrees : RotationDegrees.values()) {
+        if (rotationDegrees.degrees == degrees) {
+          return rotationDegrees;
+        }
+      }
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid rotation degrees specified: " + degrees);
+    }
+
+    public int getDegrees() {
+      return this.degrees;
+    }
+  }
+
+  public ExoPlayerEventListener(
+      @NonNull ExoPlayer exoPlayer, @NonNull VideoPlayerCallbacks events, boolean initialized) {
+    this.exoPlayer = exoPlayer;
+    this.events = events;
+    this.isInitialized = initialized;
+  }
+
+  private void setBuffering(boolean buffering) {
+    if (isBuffering == buffering) {
+      return;
+    }
+    isBuffering = buffering;
+    if (buffering) {
+      events.onBufferingStart();
+    } else {
+      events.onBufferingEnd();
+    }
+  }
+
+  protected abstract void sendInitialized();
+
+  @Override
+  public void onPlaybackStateChanged(final int playbackState) {
+    switch (playbackState) {
+      case Player.STATE_BUFFERING:
+        setBuffering(true);
+        events.onBufferingUpdate(exoPlayer.getBufferedPosition());
+        break;
+      case Player.STATE_READY:
+        if (isInitialized) {
+          return;
+        }
+        isInitialized = true;
+        sendInitialized();
+        break;
+      case Player.STATE_ENDED:
+        events.onCompleted();
+        break;
+      case Player.STATE_IDLE:
+        break;
+    }
+    if (playbackState != Player.STATE_BUFFERING) {
+      setBuffering(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void onPlayerError(@NonNull final PlaybackException error) {
+    setBuffering(false);
+    if (error.errorCode == PlaybackException.ERROR_CODE_BEHIND_LIVE_WINDOW) {
+      // See
+      // https://exoplayer.dev/live-streaming.html#behindlivewindowexception-and-error_code_behind_live_window
+      exoPlayer.seekToDefaultPosition();
+      exoPlayer.prepare();
+    } else {
+      events.onError("VideoError", "Video player had error " + error, null);
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void onIsPlayingChanged(boolean isPlaying) {
+    events.onIsPlayingStateUpdate(isPlaying);
+  }
+}
+// Copyright 2013 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.media3.common.PlaybackParameters;
+import androidx.media3.exoplayer.ExoPlayer;
+
+/**
+ * Internal state representing an {@link ExoPlayer} instance at a snapshot in time.
+ *
+ * <p>During the Android application lifecycle, the underlying {@link android.view.Surface} being
+ * rendered to by the player can be destroyed when the application is in the background and memory
+ * is reclaimed. Upon <em>resume</em>, the player will need to be recreated, but start again at the
+ * previous point (and settings).
+ */
+public final class ExoPlayerState {
+  /**
+   * Saves a representation of the current state of the player at the current point in time.
+   *
+   * <p>The inverse of this operation is {@link #restore(ExoPlayer)}.
+   *
+   * @param exoPlayer the active player instance.
+   * @return an opaque object representing the state.
+   */
+  @NonNull
+  public static ExoPlayerState save(@NonNull ExoPlayer exoPlayer) {
+    return new ExoPlayerState(
+        /* position= */ exoPlayer.getCurrentPosition(),
+        /* repeatMode= */ exoPlayer.getRepeatMode(),
+        /* volume= */ exoPlayer.getVolume(),
+        /* playbackParameters= */ exoPlayer.getPlaybackParameters());
+  }
+
+  private ExoPlayerState(
+      long position, int repeatMode, float volume, PlaybackParameters playbackParameters) {
+    this.position = position;
+    this.repeatMode = repeatMode;
+    this.volume = volume;
+    this.playbackParameters = playbackParameters;
+  }
+
+  /** Previous value of {@link ExoPlayer#getCurrentPosition()}. */
+  private final long position;
+
+  /** Previous value of {@link ExoPlayer#getRepeatMode()}. */
+  private final int repeatMode;
+
+  /** Previous value of {@link ExoPlayer#getVolume()}. */
+  private final float volume;
+
+  /** Previous value of {@link ExoPlayer#getPlaybackParameters()}. */
+  private final PlaybackParameters playbackParameters;
+
+  /**
+   * Restores the captured state onto the provided player.
+   *
+   * <p>This will typically be done after creating a new player, setting up a media source, and
+   * listening to events.
+   *
+   * @param exoPlayer the new player instance to reflect the state back to.
+   */
+  public void restore(@NonNull ExoPlayer exoPlayer) {
+    exoPlayer.seekTo(position);
+    exoPlayer.setRepeatMode(repeatMode);
+    exoPlayer.setVolume(volume);
+    exoPlayer.setPlaybackParameters(playbackParameters);
+  }
+}
+// Copyright 2013 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+import androidx.annotation.OptIn;
+import androidx.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
+import androidx.media3.common.MediaItem;
+import androidx.media3.common.MimeTypes;
+import androidx.media3.common.util.UnstableApi;
+import androidx.media3.datasource.DataSource;
+import androidx.media3.datasource.DefaultDataSource;
+import androidx.media3.datasource.DefaultHttpDataSource;
+import androidx.media3.exoplayer.source.DefaultMediaSourceFactory;
+import androidx.media3.exoplayer.source.MediaSource;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+final class HttpVideoAsset extends VideoAsset {
+  private static final String DEFAULT_USER_AGENT = "ExoPlayer";
+  private static final String HEADER_USER_AGENT = "User-Agent";
+
+  @NonNull private final StreamingFormat streamingFormat;
+  @NonNull private final Map<String, String> httpHeaders;
+
+  HttpVideoAsset(
+      @Nullable String assetUrl,
+      @NonNull StreamingFormat streamingFormat,
+      @NonNull Map<String, String> httpHeaders) {
+    super(assetUrl);
+    this.streamingFormat = streamingFormat;
+    this.httpHeaders = httpHeaders;
+  }
+
+  @NonNull
+  @Override
+  public MediaItem getMediaItem() {
+    MediaItem.Builder builder = new MediaItem.Builder().setUri(assetUrl);
+    String mimeType = null;
+    switch (streamingFormat) {
+      case SMOOTH:
+        mimeType = MimeTypes.APPLICATION_SS;
+        break;
+      case DYNAMIC_ADAPTIVE:
+        mimeType = MimeTypes.APPLICATION_MPD;
+        break;
+      case HTTP_LIVE:
+        mimeType = MimeTypes.APPLICATION_M3U8;
+        break;
+    }
+    if (mimeType != null) {
+      builder.setMimeType(mimeType);
+    }
+    return builder.build();
+  }
+
+  @NonNull
+  @Override
+  public MediaSource.Factory getMediaSourceFactory(@NonNull Context context) {
+    return getMediaSourceFactory(context, new DefaultHttpDataSource.Factory());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns a configured media source factory, starting at the provided factory.
+   *
+   * <p>This method is provided for ease of testing without making real HTTP calls.
+   *
+   * @param context application context.
+   * @param initialFactory initial factory, to be configured.
+   * @return configured factory, or {@code null} if not needed for this asset type.
+   */
+  @VisibleForTesting
+  MediaSource.Factory getMediaSourceFactory(
+      Context context, DefaultHttpDataSource.Factory initialFactory) {
+    String userAgent = DEFAULT_USER_AGENT;
+    if (!httpHeaders.isEmpty() && httpHeaders.containsKey(HEADER_USER_AGENT)) {
+      userAgent = httpHeaders.get(HEADER_USER_AGENT);
+    }
+    unstableUpdateDataSourceFactory(initialFactory, httpHeaders, userAgent);
+    DataSource.Factory dataSourceFactory = new DefaultDataSource.Factory(context, initialFactory);
+    return new DefaultMediaSourceFactory(context).setDataSourceFactory(dataSourceFactory);
+  }
+
+  // TODO: Migrate to stable API, see https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/147039.
+  @OptIn(markerClass = UnstableApi.class)
+  private static void unstableUpdateDataSourceFactory(
+      @NonNull DefaultHttpDataSource.Factory factory,
+      @NonNull Map<String, String> httpHeaders,
+      @Nullable String userAgent) {
+    factory.setUserAgent(userAgent).setAllowCrossProtocolRedirects(true);
+    if (!httpHeaders.isEmpty()) {
+      factory.setDefaultRequestProperties(httpHeaders);
+    }
+  }
+}
+// Copyright 2013 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.media3.common.MediaItem;
+import androidx.media3.exoplayer.source.DefaultMediaSourceFactory;
+import androidx.media3.exoplayer.source.MediaSource;
+
+final class LocalVideoAsset extends VideoAsset {
+  LocalVideoAsset(@NonNull String assetUrl) {
+    super(assetUrl);
+  }
+
+  @NonNull
+  @Override
+  public MediaItem getMediaItem() {
+    return new MediaItem.Builder().setUri(assetUrl).build();
+  }
+
+  @NonNull
+  @Override
+  public MediaSource.Factory getMediaSourceFactory(@NonNull Context context) {
+    return new DefaultMediaSourceFactory(context);
+  }
+}
+// Copyright 2013 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+// Autogenerated from Pigeon (v22.6.1), do not edit directly.
+// See also: https://pub.dev/packages/pigeon
+
+package io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer;
+
+import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.METHOD;
+import static java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.CLASS;
+
+import android.util.Log;
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+import io.flutter.plugin.common.BasicMessageChannel;
+import io.flutter.plugin.common.BinaryMessenger;
+import io.flutter.plugin.common.MessageCodec;
+import io.flutter.plugin.common.StandardMessageCodec;
+import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
+import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
+import java.lang.annotation.Target;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/** Generated class from Pigeon. */
+@SuppressWarnings({"unused", "unchecked", "CodeBlock2Expr", "RedundantSuppression", "serial"})
+public class Messages {
+
+  /** Error class for passing custom error details to Flutter via a thrown PlatformException. */
+  public static class FlutterError extends RuntimeException {
+
+    /** The error code. */
+    public final String code;
+
+    /** The error details. Must be a datatype supported by the api codec. */
+    public final Object details;
+
+    public FlutterError(@NonNull String code, @Nullable String message, @Nullable Object details) {
+      super(message);
+      this.code = code;
+      this.details = details;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @NonNull
+  protected static ArrayList<Object> wrapError(@NonNull Throwable exception) {
+    ArrayList<Object> errorList = new ArrayList<>(3);
+    if (exception instanceof FlutterError) {
+      FlutterError error = (FlutterError) exception;
+      errorList.add(error.code);
+      errorList.add(error.getMessage());
+      errorList.add(error.details);
+    } else {
+      errorList.add(exception.toString());
+      errorList.add(exception.getClass().getSimpleName());
+      errorList.add(
+          "Cause: " + exception.getCause() + ", Stacktrace: " + Log.getStackTraceString(exception));
+    }
+    return errorList;
+  }
+
+  @Target(METHOD)
+  @Retention(CLASS)
+  @interface CanIgnoreReturnValue {}
+
+  /** Pigeon equivalent of VideoViewType. */
+  public enum PlatformVideoViewType {
+    TEXTURE_VIEW(0),
+    PLATFORM_VIEW(1);
+
+    final int index;
+
+    PlatformVideoViewType(final int index) {
+      this.index = index;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Information passed to the platform view creation.
+   *
+   * <p>Generated class from Pigeon that represents data sent in messages.
+   */
+  public static final class PlatformVideoViewCreationParams {
+    private @NonNull Long playerId;
+
+    public @NonNull Long getPlayerId() {
+      return playerId;
+    }
+
+    public void setPlayerId(@NonNull Long setterArg) {
+      if (setterArg == null) {
+        throw new IllegalStateException("Nonnull field \"playerId\" is null.");
+      }
+      this.playerId = setterArg;
+    }
+
+    /** Constructor is non-public to enforce null safety; use Builder. */
+    PlatformVideoViewCreationParams() {}
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+      if (this == o) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      PlatformVideoViewCreationParams that = (PlatformVideoViewCreationParams) o;
+      return playerId.equals(that.playerId);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+      return Objects.hash(playerId);
+    }
+
+    public static final class Builder {
+
+      private @Nullable Long playerId;
+
+      @CanIgnoreReturnValue
+      public @NonNull Builder setPlayerId(@NonNull Long setterArg) {
+        this.playerId = setterArg;
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      public @NonNull PlatformVideoViewCreationParams build() {
+        PlatformVideoViewCreationParams pigeonReturn = new PlatformVideoViewCreationParams();
+        pigeonReturn.setPlayerId(playerId);
+        return pigeonReturn;
+      }
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    ArrayList<Object> toList() {
+      ArrayList<Object> toListResult = new ArrayList<>(1);
+      toListResult.add(playerId);
+      return toListResult;
+    }
+
+    static @NonNull PlatformVideoViewCreationParams fromList(
+        @NonNull ArrayList<Object> pigeonVar_list) {
+      PlatformVideoViewCreationParams pigeonResult = new PlatformVideoViewCreationParams();
+      Object playerId = pigeonVar_list.get(0);
+      pigeonResult.setPlayerId((Long) playerId);
+      return pigeonResult;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Generated class from Pigeon that represents data sent in messages. */
+  public static final class CreateMessage {
+    private @Nullable String asset;
+
+    public @Nullable String getAsset() {
+      return asset;
+    }
+
+    public void setAsset(@Nullable String setterArg) {
+      this.asset = setterArg;
+    }
+
+    private @Nullable String uri;
+
+    public @Nullable String getUri() {
+      return uri;
+    }
+
+    public void setUri(@Nullable String setterArg) {
+      this.uri = setterArg;
+    }
+
+    private @Nullable String packageName;
+
+    public @Nullable String getPackageName() {
+      return packageName;
+    }
+
+    public void setPackageName(@Nullable String setterArg) {
+      this.packageName = setterArg;
+    }
+
+    private @Nullable String formatHint;
+
+    public @Nullable String getFormatHint() {
+      return formatHint;
+    }
+
+    public void setFormatHint(@Nullable String setterArg) {
+      this.formatHint = setterArg;
+    }
+
+    private @NonNull Map<String, String> httpHeaders;
+
+    public @NonNull Map<String, String> getHttpHeaders() {
+      return httpHeaders;
+    }
+
+    public void setHttpHeaders(@NonNull Map<String, String> setterArg) {
+      if (setterArg == null) {
+        throw new IllegalStateException("Nonnull field \"httpHeaders\" is null.");
+      }
+      this.httpHeaders = setterArg;
+    }
+
+    private @Nullable PlatformVideoViewType viewType;
+
+    public @Nullable PlatformVideoViewType getViewType() {
+      return viewType;
+    }
+
+    public void setViewType(@Nullable PlatformVideoViewType setterArg) {
+      this.viewType = setterArg;
+    }
+
+    /** Constructor is non-public to enforce null safety; use Builder. */
+    CreateMessage() {}
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean equals(Object o) {
+      if (this == o) {
+        return true;
+      }
+      if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      CreateMessage that = (CreateMessage) o;
+      return Objects.equals(asset, that.asset)
+          && Objects.equals(uri, that.uri)
+          && Objects.equals(packageName, that.packageName)
+          && Objects.equals(formatHint, that.formatHint)
+          && httpHeaders.equals(that.httpHeaders)
+          && Objects.equals(viewType, that.viewType);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int hashCode() {
+      return Objects.hash(asset, uri, packageName, formatHint, httpHeaders, viewType);
+    }
+
+    public static final class Builder {
+
+      private @Nullable String asset;
+
+      @CanIgnoreReturnValue
+      public @NonNull Builder setAsset(@Nullable String setterArg) {
+        this.asset = setterArg;
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      private @Nullable String uri;
+
+      @CanIgnoreReturnValue
+      public @NonNull Builder setUri(@Nullable String setterArg) {
+        this.uri = setterArg;
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      private @Nullable String packageName;
+
+      @CanIgnoreReturnValue
+      public @NonNull Builder setPackageName(@Nullable String setterArg) {
+        this.packageName = setterArg;
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      private @Nullable String formatHint;
+
+      @CanIgnoreReturnValue
+      public @NonNull Builder setFormatHint(@Nullable String setterArg) {
+        this.formatHint = setterArg;
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      private @Nullable Map<String, String> httpHeaders;
+
+      @CanIgnoreReturnValue
+      public @NonNull Builder setHttpHeaders(@NonNull Map<String, String> setterArg) {
+        this.httpHeaders = setterArg;
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      private @Nullable PlatformVideoViewType viewType;
+
+      @CanIgnoreReturnValue
+      public @NonNull Builder setViewType(@Nullable PlatformVideoViewType setterArg) {
+        this.viewType = setterArg;
+        return this;
+      }
+
+      public @NonNull CreateMessage build() {
+        CreateMessage pigeonReturn = new CreateMessage();
+        pigeonReturn.setAsset(asset);
+        pigeonReturn.setUri(uri);
+        pigeonReturn.setPackageName(packageName);
+        pigeonReturn.setFormatHint(formatHint);
+        pigeonReturn.setHttpHeaders(httpHeaders);
+        pigeonReturn.setViewType(viewType);
+        return pigeonReturn;
+      }
+    }
+
+    @NonNull
+    ArrayList<Object> toList() {
+      ArrayList<Object> toListResult = new ArrayList<>(6);
+      toListResult.add(asset);
+      toListResult.add(uri);
+      toListResult.add(packageName);
+      toListResult.add(formatHint);
+      toListResult.add(httpHeaders);
+      toListResult.add(viewType);
+      return toListResult;
+    }
+
+    static @NonNull CreateMessage fromList(@NonNull ArrayList<Object> pigeonVar_list) {
+      CreateMessage pigeonResult = new CreateMessage();
+      Object asset = pigeonVar_list.get(0);
+      pigeonResult.setAsset((String) asset);
+      Object uri = pigeonVar_list.get(1);
+      pigeonResult.setUri((String) uri);
+      Object packageName = pigeonVar_list.get(2);
+      pigeonResult.setPackageName((String) packageName);
+      Object formatHint = pigeonVar_list.get(3);
+      pigeonResult.setFormatHint((String) formatHint);
+      Object httpHeaders = pigeonVar_list.get(4);
+      pigeonResult.setHttpHeaders((Map<String, String>) httpHeaders);
+      Object viewType = pigeonVar_list.get(5);
+      pigeonResult.setViewType((PlatformVideoViewType) viewType);
+      return pigeonResult;
+    }
+  }
+
+  private static class PigeonCodec extends StandardMessageCodec {
+    public static final PigeonCodec INSTANCE = new PigeonCodec();
+
+    private PigeonCodec() {}
+
+    @Override
+    protected Object readValueOfType(byte type, @NonNull ByteBuffer buffer) {
+      switch (type) {
+        case (byte) 129:
+          {
+            Object value = readValue(buffer);
+            return value == null ? null : PlatformVideoViewType.values()[((Long) value).intValue()];
+          }
+        case (byte) 130:
+          return PlatformVideoViewCreationParams.fromList((ArrayList<Object>) readValue(buffer));
+        case (byte) 131:
+          return CreateMessage.fromList((ArrayList<Object>) readValue(buffer));
+        default:
+          return super.readValueOfType(type, buffer);
+      }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void writeValue(@NonNull ByteArrayOutputStream stream, Object value) {
+      if (value instanceof PlatformVideoViewType) {
+        stream.write(129);
+        writeValue(stream, value == null ? null : ((PlatformVideoViewType) value).index);
+      } else if (value instanceof PlatformVideoViewCreationParams) {
+        stream.write(130);
+        writeValue(stream, ((PlatformVideoViewCreationParams) value).toList());
+      } else if (value instanceof CreateMessage) {
+        stream.write(131);
+        writeValue(stream, ((CreateMessage) value).toList());
+      } else {
+        super.writeValue(stream, value);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Generated interface from Pigeon that represents a handler of messages from Flutter. */
+  public interface AndroidVideoPlayerApi {
+
+    void initialize();
+
+    @NonNull
+    Long create(@NonNull CreateMessage msg);
+
+    void dispose(@NonNull Long playerId);
+
+    void setLooping(@NonNull Long playerId, @NonNull Boolean looping);
+
+    void setVolume(@NonNull Long playerId, @NonNull Double volume);
+
+    void setPlaybackSpeed(@NonNull Long playerId, @NonNull Double speed);
+
+    void play(@NonNull Long playerId);
+
+    @NonNull
+    Long position(@NonNull Long playerId);
+
+    void seekTo(@NonNull Long playerId, @NonNull Long position);
+
+    void pause(@NonNull Long playerId);
+
+    void setMixWithOthers(@NonNull Boolean mixWithOthers);
+
+    /** The codec used by AndroidVideoPlayerApi. */
+    static @NonNull MessageCodec<Object> getCodec() {
+      return PigeonCodec.INSTANCE;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets up an instance of `AndroidVideoPlayerApi` to handle messages through the
+     * `binaryMessenger`.
+     */
+    static void setUp(
+        @NonNull BinaryMessenger binaryMessenger, @Nullable AndroidVideoPlayerApi api) {
+      setUp(binaryMessenger, "", api);
+    }
+
+    static void setUp(
+        @NonNull BinaryMessenger binaryMessenger,
+        @NonNull String messageChannelSuffix,
+        @Nullable AndroidVideoPlayerApi api) {
+      messageChannelSuffix = messageChannelSuffix.isEmpty() ? "" : "." + messageChannelSuffix;
+      {
+        BasicMessageChannel<Object> channel =
+            new BasicMessageChannel<>(
+                binaryMessenger,
+                "dev.flutter.pigeon.video_player_android.AndroidVideoPlayerApi.initialize"
+                    + messageChannelSuffix,
+                getCodec());
+        if (api != null) {
+          channel.setMessageHandler(
+              (message, reply) -> {
+                ArrayList<Object> wrapped = new ArrayList<>();
+                try {
+                  api.initialize();
+                  wrapped.add(0, null);
+                } catch (Throwable exception) {
+                  wrapped = wrapError(exception);
+                }
+                reply.reply(wrapped);
+              });
+        } else {
+          channel.setMessageHandler(null);
+        }
+      }
+      {
+        BasicMessageChannel<Object> channel =
+            new BasicMessageChannel<>(
+                binaryMessenger,
+                "dev.flutter.pigeon.video_player_android.AndroidVideoPlayerApi.create"
+                    + messageChannelSuffix,
+                getCodec());
+        if (api != null) {
+          channel.setMessageHandler(
+              (message, reply) -> {
+                ArrayList<Object> wrapped = new ArrayList<>();
+                ArrayList<Object> args = (ArrayList<Object>) message;
+                CreateMessage msgArg = (CreateMessage) args.get(0);
+                try {
+                  Long output = api.create(msgArg);
+                  wrapped.add(0, output);
+                } catch (Throwable exception) {
+                  wrapped = wrapError(exception);
+                }
+                reply.reply(wrapped);
+              });
+        } else {
+          channel.setMessageHandler(null);
+        }
+      }
+      {
+        BasicMessageChannel<Object> channel =
+            new BasicMessageChannel<>(
+                binaryMessenger,
+                "dev.flutter.pigeon.video_player_android.AndroidVideoPlayerApi.dispose"
+                    + messageChannelSuffix,
+                getCodec());
+        if (api != null) {
+          channel.setMessageHandler(
+              (message, reply) -> {
+                ArrayList<Object> wrapped = new ArrayList<>();
+                ArrayList<Object> args = (ArrayList<Object>) message;
+                Long playerIdArg = (Long) args.get(0);
+                try {
+                  api.dispose(playerIdArg);
+                  wrapped.add(0, null);
+                } catch (Throwable exception) {
+                  wrapped = wrapError(exception);
+                }
+                reply.reply(wrapped);
+              });
+        } else {
+          channel.setMessageHandler(null);
+        }
+      }
+      {
+        BasicMessageChannel<Object> channel =
+            new BasicMessageChannel<>(
+                binaryMessenger,
+                "dev.flutter.pigeon.video_player_android.AndroidVideoPlayerApi.setLooping"
+                    + messageChannelSuffix,
+                getCodec());
+        if (api != null) {
+          channel.setMessageHandler(
+              (message, reply) -> {
+                ArrayList<Object> wrapped = new ArrayList<>();
+                ArrayList<Object> args = (ArrayList<Object>) message;
+                Long playerIdArg = (Long) args.get(0);
+                Boolean loopingArg = (Boolean) args.get(1);
+                try {
+                  api.setLooping(playerIdArg, loopingArg);
+                  wrapped.add(0, null);
+                } catch (Throwable exception) {
+                  wrapped = wrapError(exception);
+                }
+                reply.reply(wrapped);
+              });
+        } else {
+          channel.setMessageHandler(null);
+        }
+      }
+      {
+        BasicMessageChannel<Object> channel =
+            new BasicMessageChannel<>(
+                binaryMessenger,
+                "dev.flutter.pigeon.video_player_android.AndroidVideoPlayerApi.setVolume"
+                    + messageChannelSuffix,
+                getCodec());
+        if (api != null) {
+          channel.setMessageHandler(
+              (message, reply) -> {
+                ArrayList<Object> wrapped = new ArrayList<>();
+                ArrayList<Object> args = (ArrayList<Object>) message;
+                Long playerIdArg = (Long) args.get(0);
+                Double volumeArg = (Double) args.get(1);
+                try {
+                  api.setVolume(playerIdArg, volumeArg);
+                  wrapped.add(0, null);
+                } catch (Throwable exception) {
+                  wrapped = wrapError(exception);
+                }
+                reply.reply(wrapped);
+              });
+        } else {
+          channel.setMessageHandler(null);
+        }
+      }
+      {
+        BasicMessageChannel<Object> channel =
+            new BasicMessageChannel<>(
+                binaryMessenger,
+                "dev.flutter.pigeon.video_player_android.AndroidVideoPlayerApi.setPlaybackSpeed"
+                    + messageChannelSuffix,
+                getCodec());
+        if (api != null) {
+          channel.setMessageHandler(
+              (message, reply) -> {
+                ArrayList<Object> wrapped = new ArrayList<>();
+                ArrayList<Object> args = (ArrayList<Object>) message;
+                Long playerIdArg = (Long) args.get(0);
+                Double speedArg = (Double) args.get(1);
+                try {
+                  api.setPlaybackSpeed(playerIdArg, speedArg);
+                  wrapped.add(0, null);
+                } catch (Throwable exception) {
+                  wrapped = wrapError(exception);
+                }
+                reply.reply(wrapped);
+              });
+        } else {
+          channel.setMessageHandler(null);
+        }
+      }
+      {
+        BasicMessageChannel<Object> channel =
+            new BasicMessageChannel<>(
+                binaryMessenger,
+                "dev.flutter.pigeon.video_player_android.AndroidVideoPlayerApi.play"
+                    + messageChannelSuffix,
+                getCodec());
+        if (api != null) {
+          channel.setMessageHandler(
+              (message, reply) -> {
+                ArrayList<Object> wrapped = new ArrayList<>();
+                ArrayList<Object> args = (ArrayList<Object>) message;
+                Long playerIdArg = (Long) args.get(0);
+                try {
+                  api.play(playerIdArg);
+                  wrapped.add(0, null);
+                } catch (Throwable exception) {
+                  wrapped = wrapError(exception);
+                }
+                reply.reply(wrapped);
+              });
+        } else {
+          channel.setMessageHandler(null);
+        }
+      }
+      {
+        BasicMessageChannel<Object> channel =
+            new BasicMessageChannel<>(
+                binaryMessenger,
+                "dev.flutter.pigeon.video_player_android.AndroidVideoPlayerApi.position"
+                    + messageChannelSuffix,
+                getCodec());
+        if (api != null) {
+          channel.setMessageHandler(
+              (message, reply) -> {
+                ArrayList<Object> wrapped = new ArrayList<>();
+                ArrayList<Object> args = (ArrayList<Object>) message;
+                Long playerIdArg = (Long) args.get(0);
+                try {
+                  Long output = api.position(playerIdArg);
+                  wrapped.add(0, output);
+                } catch (Throwable exception) {
+                  wrapped = wrapError(exception);
+                }
+                reply.reply(wrapped);
+              });
+        } else {
+          channel.setMessageHandler(null);
+        }
+      }
+      {
+        BasicMessageChannel<Object> channel =
+            new BasicMessageChannel<>(
+                binaryMessenger,
+                "dev.flutter.pigeon.video_player_android.AndroidVideoPlayerApi.seekTo"
+                    + messageChannelSuffix,
+                getCodec());
+        if (api != null) {
+          channel.setMessageHandler(
+              (message, reply) -> {
+                ArrayList<Object> wrapped = new ArrayList<>();
+                ArrayList<Object> args = (ArrayList<Object>) message;
+                Long playerIdArg = (Long) args.get(0);
+                Long positionArg = (Long) args.get(1);
+                try {
+                  api.seekTo(playerIdArg, positionArg);
+                  wrapped.add(0, null);
+                } catch (Throwable exception) {
+                  wrapped = wrapError(exception);
+                }
+                reply.reply(wrapped);
+              });
+        } else {
+          channel.setMessageHandler(null);
+        }
+      }
+      {
+        BasicMessageChannel<Object> channel =
+            new BasicMessageChannel<>(
+                binaryMessenger,
+                "dev.flutter.pigeon.video_player_android.AndroidVideoPlayerApi.pause"
+                    + messageChannelSuffix,
+                getCodec());
+        if (api != null) {
+          channel.setMessageHandler(
+              (message, reply) -> {
+                ArrayList<Object> wrapped = new ArrayList<>();
+                ArrayList<Object> args = (ArrayList<Object>) message;
+                Long playerIdArg = (Long) args.get(0);
+                try {
+                  api.pause(playerIdArg);
+                  wrapped.add(0, null);
+                } catch (Throwable exception) {
+                  wrapped = wrapError(exception);
+                }
+                reply.reply(wrapped);
+              });
+        } else {
+          channel.setMessageHandler(null);
+        }
+      }
+      {
+        BasicMessageChannel<Object> channel =
+            new BasicMessageChannel<>(
+                binaryMessenger,
+                "dev.flutter.pigeon.video_player_android.AndroidVideoPlayerApi.setMixWithOthers"
+                    + messageChannelSuffix,
+                getCodec());
+        if (api != null) {
+          channel.setMessageHandler(
+              (message, reply) -> {
+                ArrayList<Object> wrapped = new ArrayList<>();
+                ArrayList<Object> args = (ArrayList<Object>) message;
+                Boolean mixWithOthersArg = (Boolean) args.get(0);
+                try {
+                  api.setMixWithOthers(mixWithOthersArg);
+                  wrapped.add(0, null);
+                } catch (Throwable exception) {
+                  wrapped = wrapError(exception);
+                }
+                reply.reply(wrapped);
+              });
+        } else {
+          channel.setMessageHandler(null);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+// Copyright 2013 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer;
+
+import io.flutter.plugin.common.EventChannel;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+
+/**
+ * And implementation of {@link EventChannel.EventSink} which can wrap an underlying sink.
+ *
+ * <p>It delivers messages immediately when downstream is available, but it queues messages before
+ * the delegate event sink is set with setDelegate.
+ *
+ * <p>This class is not thread-safe. All calls must be done on the same thread or synchronized
+ * externally.
+ */
+final class QueuingEventSink implements EventChannel.EventSink {
+  private EventChannel.EventSink delegate;
+  private final ArrayList<Object> eventQueue = new ArrayList<>();
+  private boolean done = false;
+
+  public void setDelegate(EventChannel.EventSink delegate) {
+    this.delegate = delegate;
+    maybeFlush();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void endOfStream() {
+    enqueue(new EndOfStreamEvent());
+    maybeFlush();
+    done = true;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void error(String code, String message, Object details) {
+    enqueue(new ErrorEvent(code, message, details));
+    maybeFlush();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void success(Object event) {
+    enqueue(event);
+    maybeFlush();
+  }
+
+  private void enqueue(Object event) {
+    if (done) {
+      return;
+    }
+    eventQueue.add(event);
+  }
+
+  private void maybeFlush() {
+    if (delegate == null) {
+      return;
+    }
+    for (Object event : eventQueue) {
+      if (event instanceof EndOfStreamEvent) {
+        delegate.endOfStream();
+      } else if (event instanceof ErrorEvent) {
+        ErrorEvent errorEvent = (ErrorEvent) event;
+        delegate.error(errorEvent.code, errorEvent.message, errorEvent.details);
+      } else {
+        delegate.success(event);
+      }
+    }
+    eventQueue.clear();
+  }
+
+  static class EndOfStreamEvent {}
+
+  private static class ErrorEvent {
+    String code;
+    String message;
+    Object details;
+
+    ErrorEvent(String code, String message, Object details) {
+      this.code = code;
+      this.message = message;
+      this.details = details;
+    }
+  }
+}
+// Copyright 2013 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.OptIn;
+import androidx.media3.common.MediaItem;
+import androidx.media3.common.util.UnstableApi;
+import androidx.media3.exoplayer.rtsp.RtspMediaSource;
+import androidx.media3.exoplayer.source.MediaSource;
+
+final class RtspVideoAsset extends VideoAsset {
+  RtspVideoAsset(@NonNull String assetUrl) {
+    super(assetUrl);
+  }
+
+  @NonNull
+  @Override
+  public MediaItem getMediaItem() {
+    return new MediaItem.Builder().setUri(assetUrl).build();
+  }
+
+  // TODO: Migrate to stable API, see https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/147039.
+  @OptIn(markerClass = UnstableApi.class)
+  @Override
+  public MediaSource.Factory getMediaSourceFactory(Context context) {
+    return new RtspMediaSource.Factory();
+  }
+}
+// Copyright 2013 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+import androidx.media3.common.MediaItem;
+import androidx.media3.exoplayer.source.MediaSource;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/** A video to be played by {@link VideoPlayer}. */
+public abstract class VideoAsset {
+  /**
+   * Returns an asset from a local {@code asset:///} URL, i.e. an on-device asset.
+   *
+   * @param assetUrl local asset, beginning in {@code asset:///}.
+   * @return the asset.
+   */
+  @NonNull
+  static VideoAsset fromAssetUrl(@NonNull String assetUrl) {
+    if (!assetUrl.startsWith("asset:///")) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("assetUrl must start with 'asset:///'");
+    }
+    return new LocalVideoAsset(assetUrl);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns an asset from a remote URL.
+   *
+   * @param remoteUrl remote asset, i.e. typically beginning with {@code https://} or similar.
+   * @param streamingFormat which streaming format, provided as a hint if able.
+   * @param httpHeaders HTTP headers to set for a request.
+   * @return the asset.
+   */
+  @NonNull
+  static VideoAsset fromRemoteUrl(
+      @Nullable String remoteUrl,
+      @NonNull StreamingFormat streamingFormat,
+      @NonNull Map<String, String> httpHeaders) {
+    return new HttpVideoAsset(remoteUrl, streamingFormat, new HashMap<>(httpHeaders));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns an asset from a RTSP URL.
+   *
+   * @param rtspUrl remote asset, beginning with {@code rtsp://}.
+   * @return the asset.
+   */
+  @NonNull
+  static VideoAsset fromRtspUrl(@NonNull String rtspUrl) {
+    if (!rtspUrl.startsWith("rtsp://")) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("rtspUrl must start with 'rtsp://'");
+    }
+    return new RtspVideoAsset(rtspUrl);
+  }
+
+  @Nullable protected final String assetUrl;
+
+  protected VideoAsset(@Nullable String assetUrl) {
+    this.assetUrl = assetUrl;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the configured media item to be played.
+   *
+   * @return media item.
+   */
+  @NonNull
+  public abstract MediaItem getMediaItem();
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the configured media source factory, if needed for this asset type.
+   *
+   * @param context application context.
+   * @return configured factory, or {@code null} if not needed for this asset type.
+   */
+  @NonNull
+  public abstract MediaSource.Factory getMediaSourceFactory(@NonNull Context context);
+
+  /** Streaming formats that can be provided to the video player as a hint. */
+  enum StreamingFormat {
+    /** Default, if the format is either not known or not another valid format. */
+    UNKNOWN,
+
+    /** Smooth Streaming. */
+    SMOOTH,
+
+    /** MPEG-DASH (Dynamic Adaptive over HTTP). */
+    DYNAMIC_ADAPTIVE,
+
+    /** HTTP Live Streaming (HLS). */
+    HTTP_LIVE
+  }
+}
+// Copyright 2013 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer;
+
+import static androidx.media3.common.Player.REPEAT_MODE_ALL;
+import static androidx.media3.common.Player.REPEAT_MODE_OFF;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+import androidx.media3.common.AudioAttributes;
+import androidx.media3.common.C;
+import androidx.media3.common.MediaItem;
+import androidx.media3.common.PlaybackParameters;
+import androidx.media3.exoplayer.ExoPlayer;
+import io.flutter.view.TextureRegistry.SurfaceProducer;
+
+/**
+ * A class responsible for managing video playback using {@link ExoPlayer}.
+ *
+ * <p>It provides methods to control playback, adjust volume, and handle seeking.
+ */
+public abstract class VideoPlayer {
+  @NonNull private final ExoPlayerProvider exoPlayerProvider;
+  @NonNull private final MediaItem mediaItem;
+  @NonNull private final VideoPlayerOptions options;
+  @NonNull protected final VideoPlayerCallbacks videoPlayerEvents;
+  @Nullable protected final SurfaceProducer surfaceProducer;
+  @NonNull protected ExoPlayer exoPlayer;
+
+  /** A closure-compatible signature since {@link java.util.function.Supplier} is API level 24. */
+  public interface ExoPlayerProvider {
+    /**
+     * Returns a new {@link ExoPlayer}.
+     *
+     * @return new instance.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    ExoPlayer get();
+  }
+
+  public VideoPlayer(
+      @NonNull VideoPlayerCallbacks events,
+      @NonNull MediaItem mediaItem,
+      @NonNull VideoPlayerOptions options,
+      @Nullable SurfaceProducer surfaceProducer,
+      @NonNull ExoPlayerProvider exoPlayerProvider) {
+    this.videoPlayerEvents = events;
+    this.mediaItem = mediaItem;
+    this.options = options;
+    this.exoPlayerProvider = exoPlayerProvider;
+    this.surfaceProducer = surfaceProducer;
+    this.exoPlayer = createVideoPlayer();
+  }
+
+  @NonNull
+  protected ExoPlayer createVideoPlayer() {
+    ExoPlayer exoPlayer = exoPlayerProvider.get();
+    exoPlayer.setMediaItem(mediaItem);
+    exoPlayer.prepare();
+    exoPlayer.addListener(createExoPlayerEventListener(exoPlayer, surfaceProducer));
+    setAudioAttributes(exoPlayer, options.mixWithOthers);
+
+    return exoPlayer;
+  }
+
+  @NonNull
+  protected abstract ExoPlayerEventListener createExoPlayerEventListener(
+      @NonNull ExoPlayer exoPlayer, @Nullable SurfaceProducer surfaceProducer);
+
+  void sendBufferingUpdate() {
+    videoPlayerEvents.onBufferingUpdate(exoPlayer.getBufferedPosition());
+  }
+
+  private static void setAudioAttributes(ExoPlayer exoPlayer, boolean isMixMode) {
+    exoPlayer.setAudioAttributes(
+        new AudioAttributes.Builder().setContentType(C.AUDIO_CONTENT_TYPE_MOVIE).build(),
+        !isMixMode);
+  }
+
+  void play() {
+    exoPlayer.play();
+  }
+
+  void pause() {
+    exoPlayer.pause();
+  }
+
+  void setLooping(boolean value) {
+    exoPlayer.setRepeatMode(value ? REPEAT_MODE_ALL : REPEAT_MODE_OFF);
+  }
+
+  void setVolume(double value) {
+    float bracketedValue = (float) Math.max(0.0, Math.min(1.0, value));
+    exoPlayer.setVolume(bracketedValue);
+  }
+
+  void setPlaybackSpeed(double value) {
+    // We do not need to consider pitch and skipSilence for now as we do not handle them and
+    // therefore never diverge from the default values.
+    final PlaybackParameters playbackParameters = new PlaybackParameters(((float) value));
+
+    exoPlayer.setPlaybackParameters(playbackParameters);
+  }
+
+  void seekTo(int location) {
+    exoPlayer.seekTo(location);
+  }
+
+  long getPosition() {
+    return exoPlayer.getCurrentPosition();
+  }
+
+  @NonNull
+  public ExoPlayer getExoPlayer() {
+    return exoPlayer;
+  }
+
+  public void dispose() {
+    exoPlayer.release();
+  }
+}
+// Copyright 2013 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+
+/**
+ * Callbacks representing events invoked by {@link VideoPlayer}.
+ *
+ * <p>In the actual plugin, this will always be {@link VideoPlayerEventCallbacks}, which creates the
+ * expected events to send back through the plugin channel. In tests methods can be overridden in
+ * order to assert results.
+ *
+ * <p>See {@link androidx.media3.common.Player.Listener} for details.
+ */
+public interface VideoPlayerCallbacks {
+  void onInitialized(int width, int height, long durationInMs, int rotationCorrectionInDegrees);
+
+  void onBufferingStart();
+
+  void onBufferingUpdate(long bufferedPosition);
+
+  void onBufferingEnd();
+
+  void onCompleted();
+
+  void onError(@NonNull String code, @Nullable String message, @Nullable Object details);
+
+  void onIsPlayingStateUpdate(boolean isPlaying);
+}
+// Copyright 2013 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+import androidx.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
+import io.flutter.plugin.common.EventChannel;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+final class VideoPlayerEventCallbacks implements VideoPlayerCallbacks {
+  private final EventChannel.EventSink eventSink;
+
+  static VideoPlayerEventCallbacks bindTo(EventChannel eventChannel) {
+    QueuingEventSink eventSink = new QueuingEventSink();
+    eventChannel.setStreamHandler(
+        new EventChannel.StreamHandler() {
+          @Override
+          public void onListen(Object arguments, EventChannel.EventSink events) {
+            eventSink.setDelegate(events);
+          }
+
+          @Override
+          public void onCancel(Object arguments) {
+            eventSink.setDelegate(null);
+          }
+        });
+    return VideoPlayerEventCallbacks.withSink(eventSink);
+  }
+
+  @VisibleForTesting
+  static VideoPlayerEventCallbacks withSink(EventChannel.EventSink eventSink) {
+    return new VideoPlayerEventCallbacks(eventSink);
+  }
+
+  private VideoPlayerEventCallbacks(EventChannel.EventSink eventSink) {
+    this.eventSink = eventSink;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void onInitialized(
+      int width, int height, long durationInMs, int rotationCorrectionInDegrees) {
+    Map<String, Object> event = new HashMap<>();
+    event.put("event", "initialized");
+    event.put("width", width);
+    event.put("height", height);
+    event.put("duration", durationInMs);
+    if (rotationCorrectionInDegrees != 0) {
+      event.put("rotationCorrection", rotationCorrectionInDegrees);
+    }
+    eventSink.success(event);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void onBufferingStart() {
+    Map<String, Object> event = new HashMap<>();
+    event.put("event", "bufferingStart");
+    eventSink.success(event);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void onBufferingUpdate(long bufferedPosition) {
+    // iOS supports a list of buffered ranges, so we send as a list with a single range.
+    Map<String, Object> event = new HashMap<>();
+    event.put("event", "bufferingUpdate");
+
+    List<? extends Number> range = Arrays.asList(0, bufferedPosition);
+    event.put("values", Collections.singletonList(range));
+    eventSink.success(event);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void onBufferingEnd() {
+    Map<String, Object> event = new HashMap<>();
+    event.put("event", "bufferingEnd");
+    eventSink.success(event);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void onCompleted() {
+    Map<String, Object> event = new HashMap<>();
+    event.put("event", "completed");
+    eventSink.success(event);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void onError(@NonNull String code, @Nullable String message, @Nullable Object details) {
+    eventSink.error(code, message, details);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void onIsPlayingStateUpdate(boolean isPlaying) {
+    Map<String, Object> event = new HashMap<>();
+    event.put("event", "isPlayingStateUpdate");
+    event.put("isPlaying", isPlaying);
+    eventSink.success(event);
+  }
+}
+// Copyright 2013 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer;
+
+public class VideoPlayerOptions {
+  public boolean mixWithOthers;
+}
+// Copyright 2013 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.util.LongSparseArray;
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import io.flutter.FlutterInjector;
+import io.flutter.Log;
+import io.flutter.embedding.engine.plugins.FlutterPlugin;
+import io.flutter.plugin.common.BinaryMessenger;
+import io.flutter.plugin.common.EventChannel;
+import io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer.Messages.AndroidVideoPlayerApi;
+import io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer.Messages.CreateMessage;
+import io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer.platformview.PlatformVideoViewFactory;
+import io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer.platformview.PlatformViewVideoPlayer;
+import io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer.texture.TextureVideoPlayer;
+import io.flutter.view.TextureRegistry;
+
+/** Android platform implementation of the VideoPlayerPlugin. */
+public class VideoPlayerPlugin implements FlutterPlugin, AndroidVideoPlayerApi {
+  private static final String TAG = "VideoPlayerPlugin";
+  private final LongSparseArray<VideoPlayer> videoPlayers = new LongSparseArray<>();
+  private FlutterState flutterState;
+  private final VideoPlayerOptions options = new VideoPlayerOptions();
+
+  // TODO(stuartmorgan): Decouple identifiers for platform views and texture views.
+  /**
+   * The next non-texture player ID, initialized to a high number to avoid collisions with texture
+   * IDs (which are generated separately).
+   */
+  private Long nextPlatformViewPlayerId = Long.MAX_VALUE;
+
+  /** Register this with the v2 embedding for the plugin to respond to lifecycle callbacks. */
+  public VideoPlayerPlugin() {}
+
+  @Override
+  public void onAttachedToEngine(@NonNull FlutterPluginBinding binding) {
+    final FlutterInjector injector = FlutterInjector.instance();
+    this.flutterState =
+        new FlutterState(
+            binding.getApplicationContext(),
+            binding.getBinaryMessenger(),
+            injector.flutterLoader()::getLookupKeyForAsset,
+            injector.flutterLoader()::getLookupKeyForAsset,
+            binding.getTextureRegistry());
+    flutterState.startListening(this, binding.getBinaryMessenger());
+
+    binding
+        .getPlatformViewRegistry()
+        .registerViewFactory(
+            "plugins.flutter.dev/video_player_android",
+            new PlatformVideoViewFactory(videoPlayers::get));
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void onDetachedFromEngine(@NonNull FlutterPluginBinding binding) {
+    if (flutterState == null) {
+      Log.wtf(TAG, "Detached from the engine before registering to it.");
+    }
+    flutterState.stopListening(binding.getBinaryMessenger());
+    flutterState = null;
+    onDestroy();
+  }
+
+  private void disposeAllPlayers() {
+    for (int i = 0; i < videoPlayers.size(); i++) {
+      videoPlayers.valueAt(i).dispose();
+    }
+    videoPlayers.clear();
+  }
+
+  public void onDestroy() {
+    // The whole FlutterView is being destroyed. Here we release resources acquired for all
+    // instances
+    // of VideoPlayer. Once https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/19358 is resolved this may
+    // be replaced with just asserting that videoPlayers.isEmpty().
+    // https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/20989 tracks this.
+    disposeAllPlayers();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void initialize() {
+    disposeAllPlayers();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public @NonNull Long create(@NonNull CreateMessage arg) {
+    final VideoAsset videoAsset;
+    if (arg.getAsset() != null) {
+      String assetLookupKey;
+      if (arg.getPackageName() != null) {
+        assetLookupKey =
+            flutterState.keyForAssetAndPackageName.get(arg.getAsset(), arg.getPackageName());
+      } else {
+        assetLookupKey = flutterState.keyForAsset.get(arg.getAsset());
+      }
+      videoAsset = VideoAsset.fromAssetUrl("asset:///" + assetLookupKey);
+    } else if (arg.getUri().startsWith("rtsp://")) {
+      videoAsset = VideoAsset.fromRtspUrl(arg.getUri());
+    } else {
+      VideoAsset.StreamingFormat streamingFormat = VideoAsset.StreamingFormat.UNKNOWN;
+      String formatHint = arg.getFormatHint();
+      if (formatHint != null) {
+        switch (formatHint) {
+          case "ss":
+            streamingFormat = VideoAsset.StreamingFormat.SMOOTH;
+            break;
+          case "dash":
+            streamingFormat = VideoAsset.StreamingFormat.DYNAMIC_ADAPTIVE;
+            break;
+          case "hls":
+            streamingFormat = VideoAsset.StreamingFormat.HTTP_LIVE;
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+      videoAsset = VideoAsset.fromRemoteUrl(arg.getUri(), streamingFormat, arg.getHttpHeaders());
+    }
+
+    long id;
+    VideoPlayer videoPlayer;
+    if (arg.getViewType() == Messages.PlatformVideoViewType.PLATFORM_VIEW) {
+      id = nextPlatformViewPlayerId--;
+      videoPlayer =
+          PlatformViewVideoPlayer.create(
+              flutterState.applicationContext,
+              VideoPlayerEventCallbacks.bindTo(createEventChannel(id)),
+              videoAsset,
+              options);
+    } else {
+      TextureRegistry.SurfaceProducer handle = flutterState.textureRegistry.createSurfaceProducer();
+      id = handle.id();
+      videoPlayer =
+          TextureVideoPlayer.create(
+              flutterState.applicationContext,
+              VideoPlayerEventCallbacks.bindTo(createEventChannel(id)),
+              handle,
+              videoAsset,
+              options);
+    }
+
+    videoPlayers.put(id, videoPlayer);
+    return id;
+  }
+
+  @NonNull
+  private EventChannel createEventChannel(long id) {
+    return new EventChannel(
+        flutterState.binaryMessenger, "flutter.io/videoPlayer/videoEvents" + id);
+  }
+
+  @NonNull
+  private VideoPlayer getPlayer(long playerId) {
+    VideoPlayer player = videoPlayers.get(playerId);
+
+    // Avoid a very ugly un-debuggable NPE that results in returning a null player.
+    if (player == null) {
+      String message = "No player found with playerId <" + playerId + ">";
+      if (videoPlayers.size() == 0) {
+        message += " and no active players created by the plugin.";
+      }
+      throw new IllegalStateException(message);
+    }
+
+    return player;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void dispose(@NonNull Long playerId) {
+    VideoPlayer player = getPlayer(playerId);
+    player.dispose();
+    videoPlayers.remove(playerId);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void setLooping(@NonNull Long playerId, @NonNull Boolean looping) {
+    VideoPlayer player = getPlayer(playerId);
+    player.setLooping(looping);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void setVolume(@NonNull Long playerId, @NonNull Double volume) {
+    VideoPlayer player = getPlayer(playerId);
+    player.setVolume(volume);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void setPlaybackSpeed(@NonNull Long playerId, @NonNull Double speed) {
+    VideoPlayer player = getPlayer(playerId);
+    player.setPlaybackSpeed(speed);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void play(@NonNull Long playerId) {
+    VideoPlayer player = getPlayer(playerId);
+    player.play();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public @NonNull Long position(@NonNull Long playerId) {
+    VideoPlayer player = getPlayer(playerId);
+    long position = player.getPosition();
+    player.sendBufferingUpdate();
+    return position;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void seekTo(@NonNull Long playerId, @NonNull Long position) {
+    VideoPlayer player = getPlayer(playerId);
+    player.seekTo(position.intValue());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void pause(@NonNull Long playerId) {
+    VideoPlayer player = getPlayer(playerId);
+    player.pause();
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public void setMixWithOthers(@NonNull Boolean mixWithOthers) {
+    options.mixWithOthers = mixWithOthers;
+  }
+
+  private interface KeyForAssetFn {
+    String get(String asset);
+  }
+
+  private interface KeyForAssetAndPackageName {
+    String get(String asset, String packageName);
+  }
+
+  private static final class FlutterState {
+    final Context applicationContext;
+    final BinaryMessenger binaryMessenger;
+    final KeyForAssetFn keyForAsset;
+    final KeyForAssetAndPackageName keyForAssetAndPackageName;
+    final TextureRegistry textureRegistry;
+
+    FlutterState(
+        Context applicationContext,
+        BinaryMessenger messenger,
+        KeyForAssetFn keyForAsset,
+        KeyForAssetAndPackageName keyForAssetAndPackageName,
+        TextureRegistry textureRegistry) {
+      this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
+      this.binaryMessenger = messenger;
+      this.keyForAsset = keyForAsset;
+      this.keyForAssetAndPackageName = keyForAssetAndPackageName;
+      this.textureRegistry = textureRegistry;
+    }
+
+    void startListening(VideoPlayerPlugin methodCallHandler, BinaryMessenger messenger) {
+      AndroidVideoPlayerApi.setUp(messenger, methodCallHandler);
+    }
+
+    void stopListening(BinaryMessenger messenger) {
+      AndroidVideoPlayerApi.setUp(messenger, null);
+    }
+  }
+}
+// Copyright 2013 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer.platformview;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.os.Build;
+import android.view.SurfaceHolder;
+import android.view.SurfaceView;
+import android.view.View;
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.OptIn;
+import androidx.media3.common.util.UnstableApi;
+import androidx.media3.exoplayer.ExoPlayer;
+import io.flutter.plugin.platform.PlatformView;
+
+/**
+ * A class used to create a native video view that can be embedded in a Flutter app. It wraps an
+ * {@link ExoPlayer} instance and displays its video content.
+ */
+public final class PlatformVideoView implements PlatformView {
+  @NonNull private final SurfaceView surfaceView;
+
+  /**
+   * Constructs a new PlatformVideoView.
+   *
+   * @param context The context in which the view is running.
+   * @param exoPlayer The ExoPlayer instance used to play the video.
+   */
+  @OptIn(markerClass = UnstableApi.class)
+  public PlatformVideoView(@NonNull Context context, @NonNull ExoPlayer exoPlayer) {
+    surfaceView = new SurfaceView(context);
+
+    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT == Build.VERSION_CODES.P) {
+      // Workaround for rendering issues on Android 9 (API 28).
+      // On Android 9, using setVideoSurfaceView seems to lead to issues where the first frame is
+      // not displayed if the video is paused initially.
+      // To ensure the first frame is visible, the surface is directly set using holder.getSurface()
+      // when the surface is created, and ExoPlayer seeks to a position to force rendering of the
+      // first frame.
+      setupSurfaceWithCallback(exoPlayer);
+    } else {
+      if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT <= Build.VERSION_CODES.N_MR1) {
+        // Avoid blank space instead of a video on Android versions below 8 by adjusting video's
+        // z-layer within the Android view hierarchy:
+        surfaceView.setZOrderMediaOverlay(true);
+      }
+      exoPlayer.setVideoSurfaceView(surfaceView);
+    }
+  }
+
+  private void setupSurfaceWithCallback(@NonNull ExoPlayer exoPlayer) {
+    surfaceView
+        .getHolder()
+        .addCallback(
+            new SurfaceHolder.Callback() {
+              @Override
+              public void surfaceCreated(@NonNull SurfaceHolder holder) {
+                exoPlayer.setVideoSurface(holder.getSurface());
+                // Force first frame rendering:
+                exoPlayer.seekTo(1);
+              }
+
+              @Override
+              public void surfaceChanged(
+                  @NonNull SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width, int height) {
+                // No implementation needed.
+              }
+
+              @Override
+              public void surfaceDestroyed(@NonNull SurfaceHolder holder) {
+                exoPlayer.setVideoSurface(null);
+              }
+            });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Returns the view associated with this PlatformView.
+   *
+   * @return The SurfaceView used to display the video.
+   */
+  @NonNull
+  @Override
+  public View getView() {
+    return surfaceView;
+  }
+
+  /** Disposes of the resources used by this PlatformView. */
+  @Override
+  public void dispose() {
+    surfaceView.getHolder().getSurface().release();
+  }
+}
+// Copyright 2013 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer.platformview;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+import androidx.media3.exoplayer.ExoPlayer;
+import io.flutter.plugin.platform.PlatformView;
+import io.flutter.plugin.platform.PlatformViewFactory;
+import io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer.Messages;
+import io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer.VideoPlayer;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * A factory class responsible for creating platform video views that can be embedded in a Flutter
+ * app.
+ */
+public class PlatformVideoViewFactory extends PlatformViewFactory {
+  private final VideoPlayerProvider videoPlayerProvider;
+
+  /** Functional interface for providing a VideoPlayer instance based on the player ID. */
+  @FunctionalInterface
+  public interface VideoPlayerProvider {
+    /**
+     * Retrieves a VideoPlayer instance based on the provided player ID.
+     *
+     * @param playerId The unique identifier for the video player.
+     * @return A VideoPlayer instance associated with the given player ID.
+     */
+    @NonNull
+    VideoPlayer getVideoPlayer(@NonNull Long playerId);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Constructs a new PlatformVideoViewFactory.
+   *
+   * @param videoPlayerProvider The provider used to retrieve the video player associated with the
+   *     view.
+   */
+  public PlatformVideoViewFactory(@NonNull VideoPlayerProvider videoPlayerProvider) {
+    super(Messages.AndroidVideoPlayerApi.getCodec());
+    this.videoPlayerProvider = videoPlayerProvider;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new instance of platform view.
+   *
+   * @param context The context in which the view is running.
+   * @param id The unique identifier for the view.
+   * @param args The arguments for creating the view.
+   * @return A new instance of PlatformVideoView.
+   */
+  @NonNull
+  @Override
+  public PlatformView create(@NonNull Context context, int id, @Nullable Object args) {
+    final Messages.PlatformVideoViewCreationParams params =
+        Objects.requireNonNull((Messages.PlatformVideoViewCreationParams) args);
+    final Long playerId = params.getPlayerId();
+
+    final VideoPlayer player = videoPlayerProvider.getVideoPlayer(playerId);
+    final ExoPlayer exoPlayer = player.getExoPlayer();
+
+    return new PlatformVideoView(context, exoPlayer);
+  }
+}
+// Copyright 2013 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer.platformview;
+
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.OptIn;
+import androidx.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
+import androidx.media3.common.Format;
+import androidx.media3.common.util.UnstableApi;
+import androidx.media3.exoplayer.ExoPlayer;
+import io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer.ExoPlayerEventListener;
+import io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer.VideoPlayerCallbacks;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+public final class PlatformViewExoPlayerEventListener extends ExoPlayerEventListener {
+  @VisibleForTesting
+  public PlatformViewExoPlayerEventListener(
+      @NonNull ExoPlayer exoPlayer, @NonNull VideoPlayerCallbacks events) {
+    this(exoPlayer, events, false);
+  }
+
+  public PlatformViewExoPlayerEventListener(
+      @NonNull ExoPlayer exoPlayer, @NonNull VideoPlayerCallbacks events, boolean initialized) {
+    super(exoPlayer, events, initialized);
+  }
+
+  @OptIn(markerClass = UnstableApi.class)
+  @Override
+  protected void sendInitialized() {
+    // We can't rely on VideoSize here, because at this point it is not available - the platform
+    // view was not created yet. We use the video format instead.
+    Format videoFormat = exoPlayer.getVideoFormat();
+    RotationDegrees rotationCorrection =
+        RotationDegrees.fromDegrees(Objects.requireNonNull(videoFormat).rotationDegrees);
+    int width = videoFormat.width;
+    int height = videoFormat.height;
+
+    // Switch the width/height if video was taken in portrait mode and a rotation
+    // correction was detected.
+    if (rotationCorrection == RotationDegrees.ROTATE_90
+        || rotationCorrection == RotationDegrees.ROTATE_270) {
+      width = videoFormat.height;
+      height = videoFormat.width;
+
+      rotationCorrection = RotationDegrees.fromDegrees(0);
+    }
+
+    events.onInitialized(width, height, exoPlayer.getDuration(), rotationCorrection.getDegrees());
+  }
+}
+// Copyright 2013 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer.platformview;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+import androidx.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
+import androidx.media3.common.MediaItem;
+import androidx.media3.exoplayer.DefaultRenderersFactory;
+import androidx.media3.exoplayer.ExoPlayer;
+import io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer.ExoPlayerEventListener;
+import io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer.VideoAsset;
+import io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer.VideoPlayer;
+import io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer.VideoPlayerCallbacks;
+import io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer.VideoPlayerOptions;
+import io.flutter.view.TextureRegistry.SurfaceProducer;
+
+/**
+ * A subclass of {@link VideoPlayer} that adds functionality related to platform view as a way of
+ * displaying the video in the app.
+ */
+public class PlatformViewVideoPlayer extends VideoPlayer {
+  @VisibleForTesting
+  public PlatformViewVideoPlayer(
+      @NonNull VideoPlayerCallbacks events,
+      @NonNull MediaItem mediaItem,
+      @NonNull VideoPlayerOptions options,
+      @NonNull ExoPlayerProvider exoPlayerProvider) {
+    super(events, mediaItem, options, /* surfaceProducer */ null, exoPlayerProvider);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a platform view video player.
+   *
+   * @param context application context.
+   * @param events event callbacks.
+   * @param asset asset to play.
+   * @param options options for playback.
+   * @return a video player instance.
+   */
+  @NonNull
+  public static PlatformViewVideoPlayer create(
+      @NonNull Context context,
+      @NonNull VideoPlayerCallbacks events,
+      @NonNull VideoAsset asset,
+      @NonNull VideoPlayerOptions options) {
+    return new PlatformViewVideoPlayer(
+        events,
+        asset.getMediaItem(),
+        options,
+        () -> {
+          DefaultRenderersFactory renderersFactory =
+              new DefaultRenderersFactory(context).setEnableDecoderFallback(true);
+          ExoPlayer.Builder builder =
+              new ExoPlayer.Builder(context, renderersFactory)
+                  .setMediaSourceFactory(asset.getMediaSourceFactory(context));
+          return builder.build();
+        });
+  }
+
+  @NonNull
+  @Override
+  protected ExoPlayerEventListener createExoPlayerEventListener(
+      @NonNull ExoPlayer exoPlayer, @Nullable SurfaceProducer surfaceProducer) {
+    // Platform view video player does not suspend and re-create the exoPlayer, hence initialized
+    // is always false. It also does not require a reference to the SurfaceProducer.
+    return new PlatformViewExoPlayerEventListener(exoPlayer, videoPlayerEvents, false);
+  }
+}
+// Copyright 2013 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer.texture;
+
+import android.os.Build;
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.OptIn;
+import androidx.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
+import androidx.media3.common.Format;
+import androidx.media3.common.VideoSize;
+import androidx.media3.exoplayer.ExoPlayer;
+import io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer.ExoPlayerEventListener;
+import io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer.VideoPlayerCallbacks;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+public final class TextureExoPlayerEventListener extends ExoPlayerEventListener {
+  private boolean surfaceProducerHandlesCropAndRotation;
+
+  @VisibleForTesting
+  public TextureExoPlayerEventListener(
+      @NonNull ExoPlayer exoPlayer,
+      @NonNull VideoPlayerCallbacks events,
+      boolean surfaceProducerHandlesCropAndRotation) {
+    this(exoPlayer, events, surfaceProducerHandlesCropAndRotation, false);
+  }
+
+  public TextureExoPlayerEventListener(
+      @NonNull ExoPlayer exoPlayer,
+      @NonNull VideoPlayerCallbacks events,
+      boolean surfaceProducerHandlesCropAndRotation,
+      boolean initialized) {
+    super(exoPlayer, events, initialized);
+    this.surfaceProducerHandlesCropAndRotation = surfaceProducerHandlesCropAndRotation;
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  protected void sendInitialized() {
+    VideoSize videoSize = exoPlayer.getVideoSize();
+    RotationDegrees rotationCorrection = RotationDegrees.ROTATE_0;
+    int width = videoSize.width;
+    int height = videoSize.height;
+    if (width != 0 && height != 0) {
+      if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT <= 21) {
+        // On API 21 and below, Exoplayer may not internally handle rotation correction
+        // and reports it through VideoSize.unappliedRotationDegrees. We may apply it to
+        // fix the case of upside-down playback.
+        try {
+          RotationDegrees unappliedRotation =
+              RotationDegrees.fromDegrees(videoSize.unappliedRotationDegrees);
+          rotationCorrection = getRotationCorrectionFromUnappliedRotation(unappliedRotation);
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+          // Unapplied rotation other than 0, 90, 180, 270 reported by VideoSize. Because this is
+          // unexpected, we apply no rotation correction.
+          rotationCorrection = RotationDegrees.ROTATE_0;
+        }
+      } else if (surfaceProducerHandlesCropAndRotation) {
+        // When the SurfaceTexture backend for Impeller is used, the preview should already
+        // be correctly rotated.
+        rotationCorrection = RotationDegrees.ROTATE_0;
+      } else {
+        // The video's Format also provides a rotation correction that may be used to
+        // correct the rotation, so we try to use that to correct the video rotation
+        // when the ImageReader backend for Impeller is used.
+        int rawVideoFormatRotation = getRotationCorrectionFromFormat(exoPlayer);
+
+        try {
+          rotationCorrection = RotationDegrees.fromDegrees(rawVideoFormatRotation);
+        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
+          // Rotation correction other than 0, 90, 180, 270 reported by Format. Because this is
+          // unexpected we apply no rotation correction.
+          rotationCorrection = RotationDegrees.ROTATE_0;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    events.onInitialized(width, height, exoPlayer.getDuration(), rotationCorrection.getDegrees());
+  }
+
+  private RotationDegrees getRotationCorrectionFromUnappliedRotation(
+      RotationDegrees unappliedRotationDegrees) {
+    RotationDegrees rotationCorrection = RotationDegrees.ROTATE_0;
+
+    // Rotating the video with ExoPlayer does not seem to be possible with a Surface,
+    // so inform the Flutter code that the widget needs to be rotated to prevent
+    // upside-down playback for videos with unappliedRotationDegrees of 180 (other orientations
+    // work correctly without correction).
+    if (unappliedRotationDegrees == RotationDegrees.ROTATE_180) {
+      rotationCorrection = unappliedRotationDegrees;
+    }
+
+    return rotationCorrection;
+  }
+
+  @OptIn(markerClass = androidx.media3.common.util.UnstableApi.class)
+  // A video's Format and its rotation degrees are unstable because they are not guaranteed
+  // the same implementation across API versions. It is possible that this logic may need
+  // revisiting should the implementation change across versions of the Exoplayer API.
+  private int getRotationCorrectionFromFormat(ExoPlayer exoPlayer) {
+    Format videoFormat = Objects.requireNonNull(exoPlayer.getVideoFormat());
+    return videoFormat.rotationDegrees;
+  }
+}
+// Copyright 2013 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer.texture;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
+import androidx.annotation.RestrictTo;
+import androidx.annotation.VisibleForTesting;
+import androidx.media3.common.MediaItem;
+import androidx.media3.exoplayer.DefaultRenderersFactory;
+import androidx.media3.exoplayer.ExoPlayer;
+import io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer.ExoPlayerEventListener;
+import io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer.ExoPlayerState;
+import io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer.VideoAsset;
+import io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer.VideoPlayer;
+import io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer.VideoPlayerCallbacks;
+import io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer.VideoPlayerOptions;
+import io.flutter.view.TextureRegistry.SurfaceProducer;
+
+/**
+ * A subclass of {@link VideoPlayer} that adds functionality related to texture view as a way of
+ * displaying the video in the app.
+ *
+ * <p>It manages the lifecycle of the texture and ensures that the video is properly displayed on
+ * the texture.
+ */
+public final class TextureVideoPlayer extends VideoPlayer implements SurfaceProducer.Callback {
+  @Nullable private ExoPlayerState savedStateDuring;
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a texture video player.
+   *
+   * @param context application context.
+   * @param events event callbacks.
+   * @param surfaceProducer produces a texture to render to.
+   * @param asset asset to play.
+   * @param options options for playback.
+   * @return a video player instance.
+   */
+  @NonNull
+  public static TextureVideoPlayer create(
+      @NonNull Context context,
+      @NonNull VideoPlayerCallbacks events,
+      @NonNull SurfaceProducer surfaceProducer,
+      @NonNull VideoAsset asset,
+      @NonNull VideoPlayerOptions options) {
+    return new TextureVideoPlayer(
+        events,
+        surfaceProducer,
+        asset.getMediaItem(),
+        options,
+        () -> {
+          DefaultRenderersFactory renderersFactory =
+              new DefaultRenderersFactory(context).setEnableDecoderFallback(true);
+          ExoPlayer.Builder builder =
+              new ExoPlayer.Builder(context, renderersFactory)
+                  .setMediaSourceFactory(asset.getMediaSourceFactory(context));
+          return builder.build();
+        });
+  }
+
+  @VisibleForTesting
+  public TextureVideoPlayer(
+      @NonNull VideoPlayerCallbacks events,
+      @NonNull SurfaceProducer surfaceProducer,
+      @NonNull MediaItem mediaItem,
+      @NonNull VideoPlayerOptions options,
+      @NonNull ExoPlayerProvider exoPlayerProvider) {
+    super(events, mediaItem, options, surfaceProducer, exoPlayerProvider);
+
+    surfaceProducer.setCallback(this);
+
+    this.exoPlayer.setVideoSurface(surfaceProducer.getSurface());
+  }
+
+  @NonNull
+  @Override
+  protected ExoPlayerEventListener createExoPlayerEventListener(
+      @NonNull ExoPlayer exoPlayer, @Nullable SurfaceProducer surfaceProducer) {
+    if (surfaceProducer == null) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+          "surfaceProducer cannot be null to create an ExoPlayerEventListener for TextureVideoPlayer.");
+    }
+    boolean surfaceProducerHandlesCropAndRotation = surfaceProducer.handlesCropAndRotation();
+    return new TextureExoPlayerEventListener(
+        exoPlayer,
+        videoPlayerEvents,
+        surfaceProducerHandlesCropAndRotation,
+        playerHasBeenSuspended());
+  }
+
+  @RestrictTo(RestrictTo.Scope.LIBRARY)
+  public void onSurfaceAvailable() {
+    if (savedStateDuring != null) {
+      exoPlayer = createVideoPlayer();
+      exoPlayer.setVideoSurface(surfaceProducer.getSurface());
+      savedStateDuring.restore(exoPlayer);
+      savedStateDuring = null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  @RestrictTo(RestrictTo.Scope.LIBRARY)
+  // TODO(bparrishMines): Replace with onSurfaceCleanup once available on stable. See
+  // https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/161256.
+  @SuppressWarnings({"deprecation", "removal"})
+  public void onSurfaceDestroyed() {
+    // Intentionally do not call pause/stop here, because the surface has already been released
+    // at this point (see https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/156451).
+    savedStateDuring = ExoPlayerState.save(exoPlayer);
+    exoPlayer.release();
+  }
+
+  private boolean playerHasBeenSuspended() {
+    return savedStateDuring != null;
+  }
+
+  public void dispose() {
+    // Super must be called first to ensure the player is released before the surface.
+    super.dispose();
+
+    surfaceProducer.release();
+    // TODO(matanlurey): Remove when embedder no longer calls-back once released.
+    // https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/156434.
+    surfaceProducer.setCallback(null);
+  }
+}
+// Copyright 2013 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer;
+
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.contains;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.isNull;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verifyNoInteractions;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import androidx.media3.common.PlaybackException;
+import androidx.media3.common.Player;
+import androidx.media3.exoplayer.ExoPlayer;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.junit.MockitoJUnit;
+import org.mockito.junit.MockitoRule;
+import org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner;
+
+/**
+ * Unit tests for {@link ExoPlayerEventListener}.
+ *
+ * <p>This test suite <em>narrowly verifies</em> that the events emitted by the underlying {@link
+ * androidx.media3.exoplayer.ExoPlayer} instance are translated to the callback interface we expect
+ * ({@link VideoPlayerCallbacks} and/or interface with the player instance as expected).
+ */
+@RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner.class)
+public final class ExoPlayerEventListenerTest {
+  @Mock private ExoPlayer mockExoPlayer;
+  @Mock private VideoPlayerCallbacks mockCallbacks;
+  private ExoPlayerEventListener eventListener;
+
+  @Rule public MockitoRule initRule = MockitoJUnit.rule();
+
+  /**
+   * A test subclass of {@link ExoPlayerEventListener} that exposes the abstract class for testing.
+   */
+  private static final class TestExoPlayerEventListener extends ExoPlayerEventListener {
+    public TestExoPlayerEventListener(ExoPlayer exoPlayer, VideoPlayerCallbacks callbacks) {
+      super(exoPlayer, callbacks, false);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void sendInitialized() {
+      // No implementation needed.
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Before
+  public void setUp() {
+    eventListener = new TestExoPlayerEventListener(mockExoPlayer, mockCallbacks);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void onPlaybackStateChangedBufferingSendsBufferingStartAndUpdates() {
+    when(mockExoPlayer.getBufferedPosition()).thenReturn(10L);
+    eventListener.onPlaybackStateChanged(Player.STATE_BUFFERING);
+
+    verify(mockCallbacks).onBufferingStart();
+    verify(mockCallbacks).onBufferingUpdate(10L);
+    verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockCallbacks);
+
+    // If it's invoked again, only the update event is called.
+    verify(mockCallbacks).onBufferingUpdate(10L);
+    verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockCallbacks);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void onPlaybackStateChangedEndedSendsOnCompleted() {
+    eventListener.onPlaybackStateChanged(Player.STATE_ENDED);
+
+    verify(mockCallbacks).onCompleted();
+    verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockCallbacks);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void onPlaybackStateChangedEndedAfterBufferingSendsBufferingEndAndOnCompleted() {
+    when(mockExoPlayer.getBufferedPosition()).thenReturn(10L);
+    eventListener.onPlaybackStateChanged(Player.STATE_BUFFERING);
+    verify(mockCallbacks).onBufferingStart();
+    verify(mockCallbacks).onBufferingUpdate(10L);
+
+    eventListener.onPlaybackStateChanged(Player.STATE_ENDED);
+    verify(mockCallbacks).onCompleted();
+    verify(mockCallbacks).onBufferingEnd();
+
+    verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockCallbacks);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void onPlaybackStateChangedIdleDoNothing() {
+    eventListener.onPlaybackStateChanged(Player.STATE_IDLE);
+
+    verifyNoInteractions(mockCallbacks);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void onPlaybackStateChangedIdleAfterBufferingSendsBufferingEnd() {
+    when(mockExoPlayer.getBufferedPosition()).thenReturn(10L);
+    eventListener.onPlaybackStateChanged(Player.STATE_BUFFERING);
+    verify(mockCallbacks).onBufferingStart();
+    verify(mockCallbacks).onBufferingUpdate(10L);
+
+    eventListener.onPlaybackStateChanged(Player.STATE_IDLE);
+    verify(mockCallbacks).onBufferingEnd();
+
+    verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockCallbacks);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void onErrorVideoErrorWhenBufferingInProgressAlsoEndBuffering() {
+    when(mockExoPlayer.getBufferedPosition()).thenReturn(10L);
+    eventListener.onPlaybackStateChanged(Player.STATE_BUFFERING);
+    verify(mockCallbacks).onBufferingStart();
+    verify(mockCallbacks).onBufferingUpdate(10L);
+
+    eventListener.onPlayerError(
+        new PlaybackException("BAD", null, PlaybackException.ERROR_CODE_AUDIO_TRACK_INIT_FAILED));
+    verify(mockCallbacks).onBufferingEnd();
+    verify(mockCallbacks).onError(eq("VideoError"), contains("BAD"), isNull());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void onErrorBehindLiveWindowSeekToDefaultAndPrepare() {
+    eventListener.onPlayerError(
+        new PlaybackException("SORT_OF_OK", null, PlaybackException.ERROR_CODE_BEHIND_LIVE_WINDOW));
+
+    verify(mockExoPlayer).seekToDefaultPosition();
+    verify(mockExoPlayer).prepare();
+    verifyNoInteractions(mockCallbacks);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void onIsPlayingChangedToggled() {
+    eventListener.onIsPlayingChanged(true);
+    verify(mockCallbacks).onIsPlayingStateUpdate(true);
+
+    eventListener.onIsPlayingChanged(false);
+    verify(mockCallbacks).onIsPlayingStateUpdate(false);
+  }
+}
+// Copyright 2013 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+import androidx.media3.common.MediaItem;
+import androidx.media3.exoplayer.source.MediaSource;
+import androidx.media3.test.utils.FakeMediaSourceFactory;
+
+/** A fake implementation of the {@link VideoAsset} class. */
+final class FakeVideoAsset extends VideoAsset {
+  @NonNull private final MediaSource.Factory mediaSourceFactory;
+
+  FakeVideoAsset(String assetUrl) {
+    this(assetUrl, new FakeMediaSourceFactory());
+  }
+
+  FakeVideoAsset(String assetUrl, @NonNull MediaSource.Factory mediaSourceFactory) {
+    super(assetUrl);
+    this.mediaSourceFactory = mediaSourceFactory;
+  }
+
+  @NonNull
+  @Override
+  public MediaItem getMediaItem() {
+    return new MediaItem.Builder().setUri(assetUrl).build();
+  }
+
+  @NonNull
+  @Override
+  public MediaSource.Factory getMediaSourceFactory(@NonNull Context context) {
+    return mediaSourceFactory;
+  }
+}
+// Copyright 2013 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import androidx.media3.exoplayer.ExoPlayer;
+import io.flutter.plugin.platform.PlatformView;
+import io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer.platformview.PlatformVideoView;
+import io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer.platformview.PlatformVideoViewFactory;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+public class PlatformVideoViewFactoryTest {
+  @Test
+  public void createsPlatformVideoViewBasedOnSuppliedArguments() {
+    final PlatformVideoViewFactory.VideoPlayerProvider videoPlayerProvider =
+        mock(PlatformVideoViewFactory.VideoPlayerProvider.class);
+    final VideoPlayer videoPlayer = mock(VideoPlayer.class);
+    final ExoPlayer exoPlayer = mock(ExoPlayer.class);
+    final Context context = mock(Context.class);
+    final long playerId = 1L;
+
+    when(videoPlayerProvider.getVideoPlayer(playerId)).thenReturn(videoPlayer);
+    when(videoPlayer.getExoPlayer()).thenReturn(exoPlayer);
+
+    final PlatformVideoViewFactory factory = new PlatformVideoViewFactory(videoPlayerProvider);
+    final Messages.PlatformVideoViewCreationParams args =
+        new Messages.PlatformVideoViewCreationParams.Builder().setPlayerId(playerId).build();
+
+    final PlatformView view = factory.create(context, 0, args);
+
+    assertTrue(view instanceof PlatformVideoView);
+    verify(videoPlayerProvider).getVideoPlayer(playerId);
+    verify(videoPlayer).getExoPlayer();
+  }
+}
+// Copyright 2013 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
+
+import android.content.Context;
+import android.view.SurfaceView;
+import androidx.media3.exoplayer.ExoPlayer;
+import io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer.platformview.PlatformVideoView;
+import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+/** Unit tests for {@link PlatformVideoViewTest}. */
+public class PlatformVideoViewTest {
+  @Test
+  public void createsSurfaceViewAndSetsItForExoPlayer() throws Exception {
+    final Context mockContext = mock(Context.class);
+    final ExoPlayer mockExoPlayer = mock(ExoPlayer.class);
+
+    final PlatformVideoView view = new PlatformVideoView(mockContext, mockExoPlayer);
+
+    final Field field = PlatformVideoView.class.getDeclaredField("surfaceView");
+    field.setAccessible(true);
+    final SurfaceView surfaceView = (SurfaceView) field.get(view);
+
+    assertNotNull(surfaceView);
+    verify(mockExoPlayer).setVideoSurfaceView(surfaceView);
+  }
+}
+// Copyright 2013 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer;
+
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import androidx.media3.common.Format;
+import androidx.media3.common.Player;
+import androidx.media3.exoplayer.ExoPlayer;
+import io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer.platformview.PlatformViewExoPlayerEventListener;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.junit.MockitoJUnit;
+import org.mockito.junit.MockitoRule;
+import org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner;
+
+/**
+ * Unit tests for {@link PlatformViewExoPlayerEventListener}.
+ *
+ * <p>This test suite <em>narrowly verifies</em> that the events emitted by the underlying {@link
+ * androidx.media3.exoplayer.ExoPlayer} instance are translated to the callback interface we expect
+ * ({@link VideoPlayerCallbacks} and/or interface with the player instance as expected).
+ */
+@RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner.class)
+public final class PlatformViewExoPlayerEventListenerTest {
+  @Mock private ExoPlayer mockExoPlayer;
+  @Mock private VideoPlayerCallbacks mockCallbacks;
+  private ExoPlayerEventListener eventListener;
+
+  @Rule public MockitoRule initRule = MockitoJUnit.rule();
+
+  @Before
+  public void setUp() {
+    eventListener = new PlatformViewExoPlayerEventListener(mockExoPlayer, mockCallbacks);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void onPlaybackStateChangedReadySendInitialized() {
+    eventListener = new PlatformViewExoPlayerEventListener(mockExoPlayer, mockCallbacks);
+
+    Format format = new Format.Builder().setWidth(800).setHeight(400).build();
+    when(mockExoPlayer.getVideoFormat()).thenReturn(format);
+    when(mockExoPlayer.getDuration()).thenReturn(10L);
+
+    eventListener.onPlaybackStateChanged(Player.STATE_READY);
+    verify(mockCallbacks).onInitialized(800, 400, 10L, 0);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void onPlaybackStateChangedReadyInPortraitMode90DegreesSwapsWidthAndHeight() {
+    eventListener = new PlatformViewExoPlayerEventListener(mockExoPlayer, mockCallbacks);
+
+    Format format =
+        new Format.Builder().setWidth(800).setHeight(400).setRotationDegrees(90).build();
+    when(mockExoPlayer.getVideoFormat()).thenReturn(format);
+    when(mockExoPlayer.getDuration()).thenReturn(10L);
+
+    eventListener.onPlaybackStateChanged(Player.STATE_READY);
+    verify(mockCallbacks).onInitialized(400, 800, 10L, 0);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void onPlaybackStateChangedReadyInPortraitMode270DegreesSwapsWidthAndHeight() {
+    eventListener = new PlatformViewExoPlayerEventListener(mockExoPlayer, mockCallbacks);
+
+    Format format =
+        new Format.Builder().setWidth(800).setHeight(400).setRotationDegrees(270).build();
+    when(mockExoPlayer.getVideoFormat()).thenReturn(format);
+    when(mockExoPlayer.getDuration()).thenReturn(10L);
+
+    eventListener.onPlaybackStateChanged(Player.STATE_READY);
+    verify(mockCallbacks).onInitialized(400, 800, 10L, 0);
+  }
+}
+// Copyright 2013 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer;
+
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import androidx.media3.common.Format;
+import androidx.media3.common.Player;
+import androidx.media3.common.VideoSize;
+import androidx.media3.exoplayer.ExoPlayer;
+import io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer.texture.TextureExoPlayerEventListener;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.junit.MockitoJUnit;
+import org.mockito.junit.MockitoRule;
+import org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner;
+import org.robolectric.annotation.Config;
+
+/**
+ * Unit tests for {@link TextureExoPlayerEventListener}.
+ *
+ * <p>This test suite <em>narrowly verifies</em> that the events emitted by the underlying {@link
+ * androidx.media3.exoplayer.ExoPlayer} instance are translated to the callback interface we expect
+ * ({@link VideoPlayerCallbacks} and/or interface with the player instance as expected).
+ */
+@RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner.class)
+public class TextureExoPlayerEventListenerTest {
+  @Mock private ExoPlayer mockExoPlayer;
+  @Mock private VideoPlayerCallbacks mockCallbacks;
+
+  @Rule public MockitoRule initRule = MockitoJUnit.rule();
+
+  @Test
+  @Config(maxSdk = 21)
+  public void onPlaybackStateChangedReadySendInitialized_belowAndroid21() {
+    TextureExoPlayerEventListener eventListener =
+        new TextureExoPlayerEventListener(mockExoPlayer, mockCallbacks, true);
+    VideoSize size = new VideoSize(800, 400, 0, 0);
+    when(mockExoPlayer.getVideoSize()).thenReturn(size);
+    when(mockExoPlayer.getDuration()).thenReturn(10L);
+
+    eventListener.onPlaybackStateChanged(Player.STATE_READY);
+    verify(mockCallbacks).onInitialized(800, 400, 10L, 0);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  @Config(minSdk = 22)
+  public void
+      onPlaybackStateChangedReadySendInitialized_whenSurfaceProducerHandlesCropAndRotation() {
+    TextureExoPlayerEventListener eventListener =
+        new TextureExoPlayerEventListener(mockExoPlayer, mockCallbacks, true);
+    VideoSize size = new VideoSize(800, 400, 0, 0);
+    when(mockExoPlayer.getVideoSize()).thenReturn(size);
+    when(mockExoPlayer.getDuration()).thenReturn(10L);
+
+    eventListener.onPlaybackStateChanged(Player.STATE_READY);
+    verify(mockCallbacks).onInitialized(800, 400, 10L, 0);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  @Config(minSdk = 22)
+  public void
+      onPlaybackStateChangedReadySendInitializedWithRotationCorrectionAndWidthAndHeightSwap_whenSurfaceProducerDoesNotHandleCropAndRotation() {
+    TextureExoPlayerEventListener eventListener =
+        new TextureExoPlayerEventListener(mockExoPlayer, mockCallbacks, false);
+    VideoSize size = new VideoSize(800, 400, 0, 0);
+    int rotationCorrection = 90;
+    Format videoFormat = new Format.Builder().setRotationDegrees(rotationCorrection).build();
+
+    when(mockExoPlayer.getVideoSize()).thenReturn(size);
+    when(mockExoPlayer.getDuration()).thenReturn(10L);
+    when(mockExoPlayer.getVideoFormat()).thenReturn(videoFormat);
+
+    eventListener.onPlaybackStateChanged(Player.STATE_READY);
+    verify(mockCallbacks).onInitialized(800, 400, 10L, rotationCorrection);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  @Config(maxSdk = 21)
+  public void
+      onPlaybackStateChangedReadyInPortraitMode90DegreesSwapWidthAndHeight_belowAndroid21() {
+    TextureExoPlayerEventListener eventListener =
+        new TextureExoPlayerEventListener(mockExoPlayer, mockCallbacks, true);
+    VideoSize size = new VideoSize(800, 400, 90, 0);
+    when(mockExoPlayer.getVideoSize()).thenReturn(size);
+    when(mockExoPlayer.getDuration()).thenReturn(10L);
+
+    eventListener.onPlaybackStateChanged(Player.STATE_READY);
+    verify(mockCallbacks).onInitialized(800, 400, 10L, 0);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  @Config(minSdk = 22)
+  public void
+      onPlaybackStateChangedReadyInPortraitMode90DegreesDoesNotSwapWidthAndHeight_whenSurfaceProducerHandlesCropAndRotation() {
+    TextureExoPlayerEventListener eventListener =
+        new TextureExoPlayerEventListener(mockExoPlayer, mockCallbacks, true);
+    VideoSize size = new VideoSize(800, 400, 90, 0);
+
+    when(mockExoPlayer.getVideoSize()).thenReturn(size);
+    when(mockExoPlayer.getDuration()).thenReturn(10L);
+
+    eventListener.onPlaybackStateChanged(Player.STATE_READY);
+    verify(mockCallbacks).onInitialized(800, 400, 10L, 0);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  @Config(minSdk = 22)
+  public void
+      onPlaybackStateChangedReadyInPortraitMode90DegreesSwapWidthAndHeight_whenSurfaceProducerDoesNotHandleCropAndRotation() {
+    TextureExoPlayerEventListener eventListener =
+        new TextureExoPlayerEventListener(mockExoPlayer, mockCallbacks, false);
+    VideoSize size = new VideoSize(800, 400, 0, 0);
+    int rotationCorrection = 90;
+    Format videoFormat = new Format.Builder().setRotationDegrees(rotationCorrection).build();
+
+    when(mockExoPlayer.getVideoSize()).thenReturn(size);
+    when(mockExoPlayer.getDuration()).thenReturn(10L);
+    when(mockExoPlayer.getVideoFormat()).thenReturn(videoFormat);
+
+    eventListener.onPlaybackStateChanged(Player.STATE_READY);
+    verify(mockCallbacks).onInitialized(800, 400, 10L, 90);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  @Config(maxSdk = 21)
+  public void
+      onPlaybackStateChangedReadyInPortraitMode270DegreesSwapWidthAndHeight_belowAndroid21() {
+    TextureExoPlayerEventListener eventListener =
+        new TextureExoPlayerEventListener(mockExoPlayer, mockCallbacks, true);
+    VideoSize size = new VideoSize(800, 400, 270, 0);
+    when(mockExoPlayer.getVideoSize()).thenReturn(size);
+    when(mockExoPlayer.getDuration()).thenReturn(10L);
+
+    eventListener.onPlaybackStateChanged(Player.STATE_READY);
+    verify(mockCallbacks).onInitialized(800, 400, 10L, 0);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  @Config(minSdk = 22)
+  public void
+      onPlaybackStateChangedReadyInPortraitMode270DegreesDoesNotSwapWidthAndHeight_whenSurfaceProducerHandlesCropAndRotation() {
+    TextureExoPlayerEventListener eventListener =
+        new TextureExoPlayerEventListener(mockExoPlayer, mockCallbacks, true);
+    VideoSize size = new VideoSize(800, 400, 270, 0);
+    when(mockExoPlayer.getVideoSize()).thenReturn(size);
+    when(mockExoPlayer.getDuration()).thenReturn(10L);
+
+    eventListener.onPlaybackStateChanged(Player.STATE_READY);
+    verify(mockCallbacks).onInitialized(800, 400, 10L, 0);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  @Config(minSdk = 22)
+  public void
+      onPlaybackStateChangedReadyInPortraitMode270DegreesDoesNotSwapWidthAndHeight_whenSurfaceProducerDoesNotHandleCropAndRotation() {
+    TextureExoPlayerEventListener eventListener =
+        new TextureExoPlayerEventListener(mockExoPlayer, mockCallbacks, false);
+    VideoSize size = new VideoSize(800, 400, 0, 0);
+    int rotationCorrection = 270;
+    Format videoFormat = new Format.Builder().setRotationDegrees(rotationCorrection).build();
+
+    when(mockExoPlayer.getVideoSize()).thenReturn(size);
+    when(mockExoPlayer.getDuration()).thenReturn(10L);
+    when(mockExoPlayer.getVideoFormat()).thenReturn(videoFormat);
+
+    eventListener.onPlaybackStateChanged(Player.STATE_READY);
+    verify(mockCallbacks).onInitialized(800, 400, 10L, 270);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  @Config(maxSdk = 21)
+  public void onPlaybackStateChangedReadyFlipped180DegreesInformEventHandler_belowAndroid21() {
+    TextureExoPlayerEventListener eventListener =
+        new TextureExoPlayerEventListener(mockExoPlayer, mockCallbacks, true);
+    VideoSize size = new VideoSize(800, 400, 180, 0);
+    when(mockExoPlayer.getVideoSize()).thenReturn(size);
+    when(mockExoPlayer.getDuration()).thenReturn(10L);
+
+    eventListener.onPlaybackStateChanged(Player.STATE_READY);
+    verify(mockCallbacks).onInitialized(800, 400, 10L, 180);
+  }
+}
+// Copyright 2013 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
+
+import android.view.Surface;
+import androidx.media3.common.AudioAttributes;
+import androidx.media3.common.C;
+import androidx.media3.common.PlaybackParameters;
+import androidx.media3.common.Player;
+import androidx.media3.common.VideoSize;
+import androidx.media3.exoplayer.ExoPlayer;
+import io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer.texture.TextureVideoPlayer;
+import io.flutter.view.TextureRegistry;
+import org.junit.Before;
+import org.junit.Rule;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
+import org.mockito.Captor;
+import org.mockito.InOrder;
+import org.mockito.Mock;
+import org.mockito.junit.MockitoJUnit;
+import org.mockito.junit.MockitoRule;
+import org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner;
+
+/**
+ * Unit tests for {@link TextureVideoPlayer}.
+ *
+ * <p>This test suite <em>narrowly verifies</em> that {@link TextureVideoPlayer} interfaces with the
+ * {@link ExoPlayer} interface <em>exactly</em> as it did when the test suite was created. That is,
+ * if the behavior changes, this test will need to change. However, this suite should catch bugs
+ * related to <em>"this is a safe refactor with no behavior changes"</em>.
+ */
+@RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner.class)
+public final class TextureVideoPlayerTest {
+  private static final String FAKE_ASSET_URL = "https://flutter.dev/movie.mp4";
+  private FakeVideoAsset fakeVideoAsset;
+
+  @Mock private VideoPlayerCallbacks mockEvents;
+  @Mock private TextureRegistry.SurfaceProducer mockProducer;
+  @Mock private ExoPlayer mockExoPlayer;
+  @Captor private ArgumentCaptor<AudioAttributes> attributesCaptor;
+  @Captor private ArgumentCaptor<TextureRegistry.SurfaceProducer.Callback> callbackCaptor;
+  @Captor private ArgumentCaptor<Player.Listener> listenerCaptor;
+
+  @Rule public MockitoRule initRule = MockitoJUnit.rule();
+
+  @Before
+  public void setUp() {
+    fakeVideoAsset = new FakeVideoAsset(FAKE_ASSET_URL);
+    when(mockProducer.getSurface()).thenReturn(mock(Surface.class));
+    when(mockProducer.handlesCropAndRotation()).thenReturn(true);
+  }
+
+  private VideoPlayer createVideoPlayer() {
+    return createVideoPlayer(new VideoPlayerOptions());
+  }
+
+  private TextureVideoPlayer createVideoPlayer(VideoPlayerOptions options) {
+    return new TextureVideoPlayer(
+        mockEvents, mockProducer, fakeVideoAsset.getMediaItem(), options, () -> mockExoPlayer);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void loadsAndPreparesProvidedMediaEnablesAudioFocusByDefault() {
+    VideoPlayer videoPlayer = createVideoPlayer();
+
+    verify(mockExoPlayer).setMediaItem(fakeVideoAsset.getMediaItem());
+    verify(mockExoPlayer).prepare();
+    verify(mockProducer).getSurface();
+    verify(mockExoPlayer).setVideoSurface(any());
+
+    verify(mockExoPlayer).setAudioAttributes(attributesCaptor.capture(), eq(true));
+    assertEquals(attributesCaptor.getValue().contentType, C.AUDIO_CONTENT_TYPE_MOVIE);
+
+    videoPlayer.dispose();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void onSurfaceProducerDestroyedAndAvailableReleasesAndThenRecreatesAndResumesPlayer() {
+    VideoPlayer videoPlayer = createVideoPlayer();
+
+    verify(mockProducer).setCallback(callbackCaptor.capture());
+    verify(mockExoPlayer, never()).release();
+
+    when(mockExoPlayer.getCurrentPosition()).thenReturn(10L);
+    when(mockExoPlayer.getRepeatMode()).thenReturn(Player.REPEAT_MODE_ALL);
+    when(mockExoPlayer.getVolume()).thenReturn(0.5f);
+    when(mockExoPlayer.getPlaybackParameters()).thenReturn(new PlaybackParameters(2.5f));
+
+    TextureRegistry.SurfaceProducer.Callback producerLifecycle = callbackCaptor.getValue();
+    simulateSurfaceDestruction(producerLifecycle);
+
+    verify(mockExoPlayer).release();
+
+    // Create a new mock exo player so that we get a new instance.
+    mockExoPlayer = mock(ExoPlayer.class);
+    producerLifecycle.onSurfaceAvailable();
+
+    verify(mockExoPlayer).setVideoSurface(any());
+    verify(mockExoPlayer).seekTo(10L);
+    verify(mockExoPlayer).setRepeatMode(Player.REPEAT_MODE_ALL);
+    verify(mockExoPlayer).setVolume(0.5f);
+    verify(mockExoPlayer).setPlaybackParameters(new PlaybackParameters(2.5f));
+
+    videoPlayer.dispose();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void onSurfaceProducerDestroyedDoesNotStopOrPauseVideo() {
+    VideoPlayer videoPlayer = createVideoPlayer();
+
+    verify(mockProducer).setCallback(callbackCaptor.capture());
+    TextureRegistry.SurfaceProducer.Callback producerLifecycle = callbackCaptor.getValue();
+    simulateSurfaceDestruction(producerLifecycle);
+
+    verify(mockExoPlayer, never()).stop();
+    verify(mockExoPlayer, never()).pause();
+    verify(mockExoPlayer, never()).setPlayWhenReady(anyBoolean());
+
+    videoPlayer.dispose();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void onDisposeSurfaceProducerCallbackIsDisconnected() {
+    // Regression test for https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/156158.
+    VideoPlayer videoPlayer = createVideoPlayer();
+    verify(mockProducer).setCallback(any());
+
+    videoPlayer.dispose();
+    verify(mockProducer).setCallback(null);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void onInitializedCalledWhenVideoPlayerInitiallyCreated() {
+    VideoPlayer videoPlayer = createVideoPlayer();
+
+    // Pretend we have a video, and capture the registered event listener.
+    when(mockExoPlayer.getVideoSize()).thenReturn(new VideoSize(300, 200));
+    verify(mockExoPlayer).addListener(listenerCaptor.capture());
+    Player.Listener listener = listenerCaptor.getValue();
+
+    // Trigger an event that would trigger onInitialized.
+    listener.onPlaybackStateChanged(Player.STATE_READY);
+    verify(mockEvents).onInitialized(anyInt(), anyInt(), anyLong(), anyInt());
+
+    videoPlayer.dispose();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void onSurfaceAvailableDoesNotSendInitializeEventAgain() {
+    // The VideoPlayer contract assumes that the event "initialized" is sent exactly once
+    // (duplicate events cause an error to be thrown at the shared Dart layer). This test verifies
+    // that the onInitialized event is sent exactly once per player.
+    //
+    // Regression test for https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/154602.
+    VideoPlayer videoPlayer = createVideoPlayer();
+    when(mockExoPlayer.getVideoSize()).thenReturn(new VideoSize(300, 200));
+
+    // Capture the lifecycle events so we can simulate onSurfaceAvailableDestroyed.
+    verify(mockProducer).setCallback(callbackCaptor.capture());
+    TextureRegistry.SurfaceProducer.Callback producerLifecycle = callbackCaptor.getValue();
+
+    // Trigger destroyed/available.
+    simulateSurfaceDestruction(producerLifecycle);
+    producerLifecycle.onSurfaceAvailable();
+
+    // Initial listener, and the new one from the resume.
+    verify(mockExoPlayer, times(2)).addListener(listenerCaptor.capture());
+    Player.Listener listener = listenerCaptor.getValue();
+
+    // Now trigger that same event, which would happen in the case of a background/resume.
+    listener.onPlaybackStateChanged(Player.STATE_READY);
+
+    // Was not called because it was a result of a background/resume.
+    verify(mockEvents, never()).onInitialized(anyInt(), anyInt(), anyLong(), anyInt());
+
+    videoPlayer.dispose();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void onSurfaceAvailableWithoutDestroyDoesNotRecreate() {
+    // Initially create the video player, which creates the initial surface.
+    VideoPlayer videoPlayer = createVideoPlayer();
+    verify(mockProducer).getSurface();
+    verify(mockProducer).handlesCropAndRotation();
+
+    // Capture the lifecycle events so we can simulate onSurfaceAvailable/Destroyed.
+    verify(mockProducer).setCallback(callbackCaptor.capture());
+    TextureRegistry.SurfaceProducer.Callback producerLifecycle = callbackCaptor.getValue();
+
+    // Calling onSurfaceAvailable does not do anything, since the surface was never destroyed.
+    producerLifecycle.onSurfaceAvailable();
+    verifyNoMoreInteractions(mockProducer);
+
+    videoPlayer.dispose();
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void disposeReleasesExoPlayerBeforeTexture() {
+    VideoPlayer videoPlayer = createVideoPlayer();
+
+    videoPlayer.dispose();
+
+    // Regression test for https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/156158.
+    // The player must be destroyed before the surface it is writing to.
+    InOrder inOrder = inOrder(mockExoPlayer, mockProducer);
+    inOrder.verify(mockExoPlayer).release();
+    inOrder.verify(mockProducer).release();
+  }
+
+  // TODO(matanlurey): Replace with inline calls to onSurfaceAvailable once
+  // available on stable; see https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/155131.
+  // This separate method only exists to scope the suppression.
+  @SuppressWarnings({"deprecation", "removal"})
+  void simulateSurfaceCreation(TextureRegistry.SurfaceProducer.Callback producerLifecycle) {
+    producerLifecycle.onSurfaceCreated();
+  }
+
+  // TODO(bparrishMines): Replace with inline calls to onSurfaceCleanup once available on stable;
+  // see https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues/16125. This separate method only exists to scope
+  // the suppression.
+  @SuppressWarnings({"deprecation", "removal"})
+  void simulateSurfaceDestruction(TextureRegistry.SurfaceProducer.Callback producerLifecycle) {
+    producerLifecycle.onSurfaceDestroyed();
+  }
+}
+// Copyright 2013 The Flutter Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
+// found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package io.flutter.plugins.videoplayer;
+
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
+import static org.junit.Assert.assertThrows;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyBoolean;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyMap;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
+
+import android.net.Uri;
+import androidx.media3.common.MediaItem;
+import androidx.media3.datasource.DefaultHttpDataSource;
+import androidx.media3.exoplayer.source.MediaSource;
+import androidx.test.core.app.ApplicationProvider;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
+import org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner;
+
+/**
+ * Unit tests for {@link VideoAsset}.
+ *
+ * <p>This test suite <em>narrowly verifies</em> that the {@link VideoAsset} factory methods, {@link
+ * VideoAsset#fromRemoteUrl(String, VideoAsset.StreamingFormat, Map)} and {@link
+ * VideoAsset#fromAssetUrl(String)} follow the contract they have documented.
+ *
+ * <p>In other tests of the player, a fake asset is likely to be used.
+ */
+@RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner.class)
+public final class VideoAssetTest {
+  @Test
+  public void localVideoRequiresAssetUrl() {
+    assertThrows(
+        IllegalArgumentException.class,
+        () -> VideoAsset.fromAssetUrl("https://not.local/video.mp4"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void localVideoCreatesMediaItem() {
+    VideoAsset asset = VideoAsset.fromAssetUrl("asset:///asset-key");
+    MediaItem mediaItem = asset.getMediaItem();
+
+    assert mediaItem.localConfiguration != null;
+    assertEquals(mediaItem.localConfiguration.uri, Uri.parse("asset:///asset-key"));
+  }
+
+  private static DefaultHttpDataSource.Factory mockHttpFactory() {
+    DefaultHttpDataSource.Factory httpFactory = mock(DefaultHttpDataSource.Factory.class);
+    when(httpFactory.setUserAgent(anyString())).thenReturn(httpFactory);
+    when(httpFactory.setAllowCrossProtocolRedirects(anyBoolean())).thenReturn(httpFactory);
+    when(httpFactory.setDefaultRequestProperties(anyMap())).thenReturn(httpFactory);
+    return httpFactory;
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void remoteVideoByDefaultSetsUserAgentAndCrossProtocolRedirects() {
+    VideoAsset asset =
+        VideoAsset.fromRemoteUrl(
+            "https://flutter.dev/video.mp4", VideoAsset.StreamingFormat.UNKNOWN, new HashMap<>());
+
+    DefaultHttpDataSource.Factory mockFactory = mockHttpFactory();
+
+    // Cast to HttpVideoAsset to call a testing-only method to intercept calls.
+    ((HttpVideoAsset) asset)
+        .getMediaSourceFactory(ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext(), mockFactory);
+
+    verify(mockFactory).setUserAgent("ExoPlayer");
+    verify(mockFactory).setAllowCrossProtocolRedirects(true);
+    verify(mockFactory, never()).setDefaultRequestProperties(anyMap());
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void remoteVideoOverridesUserAgentIfProvided() {
+    Map<String, String> headers = new HashMap<>();
+    headers.put("User-Agent", "FantasticalVideoBot");
+
+    VideoAsset asset =
+        VideoAsset.fromRemoteUrl(
+            "https://flutter.dev/video.mp4", VideoAsset.StreamingFormat.UNKNOWN, headers);
+
+    DefaultHttpDataSource.Factory mockFactory = mockHttpFactory();
+
+    // Cast to HttpVideoAsset to call a testing-only method to intercept calls.
+    ((HttpVideoAsset) asset)
+        .getMediaSourceFactory(ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext(), mockFactory);
+
+    verify(mockFactory).setUserAgent("FantasticalVideoBot");
+    verify(mockFactory).setAllowCrossProtocolRedirects(true);
+    verify(mockFactory).setDefaultRequestProperties(headers);
+  }
+
+  // This tests that without using the overrides we get a working, non-mocked object.
+  //
+  // I guess you could also start a local HTTP server, and try fetching with it, YMMV.
+  @Test
+  public void remoteVideoGetMediaSourceFactoryInProductionReturnsRealMediaSource() {
+    VideoAsset asset =
+        VideoAsset.fromRemoteUrl(
+            "https://flutter.dev/video.mp4", VideoAsset.StreamingFormat.UNKNOWN, new HashMap<>());
+
+    MediaSource source =
+        asset
+            .getMediaSourceFactory(ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext())
+            .createMediaSource(asset.getMediaItem());
+    assertEquals(
+        Uri.parse("https://flutter.dev/video.mp4"),
+        Objects.requireNonNull(source.getMediaItem().localConfiguration).uri);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void remoteVideoSetsAdditionalHttpHeadersIfProvided() {
+    Map<String, String> headers = new HashMap<>();
+    headers.put("X-Cache-Forever", "true");
+
+    VideoAsset asset =
+        VideoAsset.fromRemoteUrl(
+            "https://flutter.dev/video.mp4", VideoAsset.StreamingFormat.UNKNOWN, headers);
+
+    DefaultHttpDataSource.Factory mockFactory = mockHttpFactory();
+
+    // Cast to HttpVideoAsset to call a testing-only method to intercept calls.
+    ((HttpVideoAsset) asset)
+        .getMediaSourceFactory(ApplicationProvider.getApplicationContext(), mockFactory);
+
+    verify(mockFactory).setUserAgent("ExoPlayer");
+    verify(mockFactory).setAllowCrossProtocolRedirects(true);
+    verify(mockFactory).setDefaultRequestProperties(headers);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void rtspVideoRequiresRtspUrl() {
+    assertThrows(
+        IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> VideoAsset.fromRtspUrl("https://not.rtsp/video.mp4"));
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  public void rtspVideoCreatesMediaItem() {
+    VideoAsset asset = VideoAsset.fromRtspUrl("rtsp://test:pass@flutter.dev/stream");
+    MediaItem mediaItem = asset.getMediaItem();
+
+    assert mediaItem.localConfiguration != null;
+    assertEquals(
+        mediaItem.localConfiguration.uri, Uri.parse("rtsp://test:pass@flutter.dev/stream"));
+  }
+}